THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY №2-2014

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ABSTRACTS AND INFORMATION ABOUT AUTHORS

Section: World economy and international relations
UDC 339.92
Kyzym M. O., Yaroshenko I. V., Matyushenko I. Y., Semyhulina I. B., Makhaniova Y. M.
Opportunities and Threats of Ukraine WTO Membership to the Production and Foreign Trade of Grain Crops with the EU and Customs Union and EurAsEC (p. 7 - 24)
The article deals with the problem of the consequences for Ukraine from its membership in the WTO, for Ukraine’s production and foreign grain crops trade with the EU and the Customs Union (CU), the Eurasian Economic Community. It was determined that Ukraine is among the absolute world leaders in the production and export of grain crops and sunflower oil from domestic raw materials. The commodity structure of exports and imports of agricultural products was analyzed. The situation and changes in the market of grain crops and its products after the WTO accession were examined. The negative factors of the relevant market of cereals crops and its products were identified. It was determined that Ukraine's foreign trade with third countries which are not members of the EU and CU after joining the WTO has expanded considerably and has more promising areas for further expanding markets than with the EU and CU. It was proved that the largest importer of domestic finished grain products is Russia. It was determined that the domestic market in Ukraine is quite open to imports of cereals and their products. The situation and changes in the market of sunflower seeds and sunflower oil after Ukraine's accession to the WTO was examined. It was defined that the production of sunflower oil in Ukraine is export oriented activity. The analysis of export-import operations in Ukraine with the EU and CU led to the conclusion that these markets are closed for former Soviet Union producers. It was determined that the domestic market of Ukraine in terms of its own resource base (sunflower seeds) for the production of sunflower oil is secure enough. It was proved that for effective development of domestic markets of these goods, Ukraine needs to develop other areas of foreign trade integration.
Keywords: Production, foreign trade, grain/cereal crops, the EU Customs Union and WTO
Fig.: 5. Tabl.: 19. Bibl.: 22.

Kyzym Mykola O. – Doctor of Sciences (Economics), Professor, Corresponding Member of NAS of Ukraine, Chief research scientist, Research Centre for Industrial Problems of Development of NAS of Ukraine (2 floor 1-a Inzhenernyi Ln., Kharkіv, 61166, Ukraine)
Email: m.kyzym@gmail.com
Yaroshenko Ihor V. – Candidate of Sciences (Economics), Head of, Department of Macroeconomic Policy and Regional Development, Research Centre for Industrial Problems of Development of NAS of Ukraine (2 floor 1-a Inzhenernyi Ln., Kharkіv, 61166, Ukraine)
Email: iyaroshenko@i.ua
Matyushenko Igor Yu. – Doctor of Sciences (Economics), Professor, Professor, Department of International Economic Relations, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University (4 Svobody Square, Kharkіv, 61022, Ukraine)
Email: igormatyushenko@mail.ru
Semyhulina Iryna B. – Candidate of Sciences (Economics), Junior Researcher, Department of Macroeconomic Policy and Regional Development, Research Centre for Industrial Problems of Development of NAS of Ukraine (2 floor 1-a Inzhenernyi Ln., Kharkіv, 61166, Ukraine)
Email: isemigulina@i.ua
Makhaniova Yuliia M. – Postgraduate Student, Department of International Economic Relations, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University (4 Svobody Square, Kharkіv, 61022, Ukraine)

Reference to this article:
Kyzym, Mykola O. et al. (2014) “Opportunities and Threats of Ukraine WTO Membership to the Production and Foreign Trade of Grain Crops with the EU and Customs Union and EurAsEC.” The Problems of Economy 2:7–24.

List of references in article

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Derzhavnyi komitet statystyky Ukrainy. http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua
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Section: World economy and international relations
UDC 336.227.3: 336.02
Cherlenyak I. I., Diugowanets O. M.
International Offshore Business and the Global Financial System (p. 24 - 29)
The purpose of this article is to study the relations between the international financial system, the international offshore business trends and the development of national economies. The study analyzed the positive and negative aspects of the impact of offshore zones on international business and international financial system. The conceptual foundations of motivational sources of offshore business and content formats that denote its asocial systemic nature were considered. Analytical study of the structure, substructure, functions and range of capabilities of the substructures of the global financial system were performed, which is an important issue in terms of priorities and objectives of state and corporate economic policies.
Keywords: offshore business, offshore areas, offshore, offshore tax evasion, tax havens, secret jurisdiction
Bibl.: 11.

Cherlenyak Ivan I. – Doctor of Sciences (State Administration), Professor, Head of the Department, Department of International Business, Logistics and Management, Uzhhorod National University (3 Narodna Pl., Uzhhorod, Zakarpattia region, 88000, Ukraine)
Email: cherlenyakjj@mail.ru
Diugowanets Olesia M. – Candidate of Sciences (Economics), Associate Professor, Department of International Business, Logistics and Management, Uzhhorod National University (3 Narodna Pl., Uzhhorod, Zakarpattia region, 88000, Ukraine)
Email: lables@ukr.net

Reference to this article:
Cherlenyak, Ivan I., and Diugowanets, Olesia M. (2014) “International Offshore Business and the Global Financial System.” The Problems of Economy 2:24–29.

List of references in article

Leshchuk, V. P. “Finansova hlobalizatsiia v umovakh hlobalizatsii svitovoi ekonomiky“ [Financial globalization in a globalizing world economy]. Naukovyi visnyk NLTU Ukrainy (2010): 218-223.
Virchenko, V. V., and Virchenko, V. O. “Transformatsiia finansovoi system v umovakh hlobalizatsii“ [Transforming financial systems in the context of globalization]. Visnyk Akademii pratsi i sotsialnykh vidnosyn Federatsii profspilok Ukrainy, no. 1 (2010): 49-55.
Minsky, H. P. “The Financial Instability Hypothesis“The Jerome Levy Economics Institute of Bard College Working Papers, no. 74 (1992): 9-.
Mamotenko, D. Yu. “Hlobalizatsiia mizhnarodnykh finansovykh rynkiv“ [The globalization of international financial markets]. Humanitarnyi visnyk ZDIA, no. 39 (2009): 229-237.
Shekson, N. Liudi, obokravshie mir. Pravda i vymysel o sovremennykh ofshornykh zonakh [People robbed the world. Truth and fiction about modern offshore]. Moscow: Eksmo, 2012.
Death and Taxes: The True Toll of Tax Dodging. Christian Aid, 2008, May.
Golubkov, D. Yu. Osobennosti korporativnogo upravleniia v Rossii: investitsionnyy krizis i praktika ofshornykh operatsiy [Features of corporate governance in Russia: investment crisis and practice of offshore operations]. Moscow: ALPINA, 2007.
Zorome, A. “Concept of Offshore Financial Centres: In Search of an Operational Definition“IMF Working Paper, WP/07/87 (2007).
Kar, D., and Smith, D. C. Illicit Financial Flows from Developing Countries 2002 – 2006Washington: Global Financial Integrity, 2012.
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Korolev, M. V. Ofshornye firmy [Offshore companies]. Moscow: Kuksha, 2008.

Section: World economy and international relations
UDC 339.54
Berenda S. V., Panova A. V.
From Overhang to Policy Space Enhancement Within WTO Negotiations (p. 30 - 35)
The article discusses issues related to the assessment of the impact on the level of bound tariff "Policy Space" within the trade negotiations in the WTO. The concept of "Policy Space" focuses on tariff component. In the article the quantitative analysis of bound tariffs was implemented in the context of countries – the founders and not the founders of the WTO; attempt to classify countries according to the level of bound tariffs; The comparative analysis of the "Policy Space" of individual countries. Stakeholder participation in the formation of "Policy Space" for Ukraine would increase their competitiveness on the foreign and domestic markets. Strong position in the context of the WTO negotiations will help Ukrainian companies to turn competitive potential into a competitive advantage. In conclusion, our hypothesis is that the founders of the WTO as a whole have a greater "Policy Space" than non-founders, was not confirmed.
Keywords: policy space, bound tariffs, overhang, Doha Commitments
Fig.: 6. Bibl.: 14.

Berenda Serhiy V. – Candidate of Sciences (Economics), Associate Professor, Associate Professor, Department of International Economic Relations, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University (4 Svobody Square, Kharkіv, 61022, Ukraine)
Email: emc2@ukr.net
Panova Anna V. – Student, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University (4 Svobody Square, Kharkіv, 61022, Ukraine)
Email: a.panova@yahoo.com

Reference to this article:
Berenda, Serhiy V., and Panova, Anna V. (2014) “From Overhang to Policy Space Enhancement Within WTO Negotiations.” The Problems of Economy 2:30–35.

List of references in article

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Section: World economy and international relations
UDC 504:330.44
Kniazieva T. V.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Economic Mechanism of Solving International Problems of Nature Management (p. 36 - 40)
On the basis of the development of ideas about scientific views of neoclassical economic theory in the direction of justifying the priority of importance of the general economic efficiency theory of nature management economics in theory it is determined that it is the principles of the theory of economic efficiency should be the basis of the mechanism of solving international problems of nature management. Improved procedure for determining the effectiveness of environmental and economic relations on the basis of nature differentiation results of environmental activities, classification of factors limiting action cost criteria in the assessment of environmental activities in order to improve the validity of activities in the fields of nature conservation and environmental protection, for the first time it is justified by means of economic-mathematical model, which allows to visualize the criteria of international eco-efficiency of economic activity and the impact of negative factors on it.
Keywords: theory of economic efficiency, economic mechanism, international issues of nature
Fig.: 1. Bibl.: 8.

Kniazieva Tetiana V. – Doctor of Sciences (Economics), Associate Professor, Professor, Department of Marketing, National Aviation University (1 Lubomyra Husara Ave., Kyiv, 03058, Ukraine)
Email: tatiana.kniazieva2017@gmail.com

Reference to this article:
Kniazieva, Tetiana V. (2014) “Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Economic Mechanism of Solving International Problems of Nature Management.” The Problems of Economy 2:36–40.

List of references in article

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Kniazieva, T. V. “Teoriia ekonomichnoi efektyvnosti v konteksti vyrishennia hlobalnykh problem pryrodokorystuvannia“ [The theory of economic efficiency in the context of solving global problems of nature]. Ekonomika i upravlinnia, no. 1 (2014): 112-119.
Koniakhina, T. V. “Mekhanizm rozvytku mizhnarodnykh ekoloho-ekonomichnykh vidnosyn ta pryrodokorystuvannia“ [The mechanism of the development of international environmental and economic relations and environmental management]. Rozvytok ekonomichnykh metodiv upravlinnia natsionalnoiu ekonomikoiu ta ekonomikoiu pidpryiemstva. Seriia «Ekonomika» vol. 14, no. 259 (2013): 136-142.
Pashentsev, A. I. “Kontseptualnye aspekty vozdeystviia promyshlennykh predpriiatiy na okruzhaiushchuiu prirodnuiu sredu“ [Conceptual aspects of the impact of industry on the environment]. Ekonomika Kryma, no. 23 (2008): 11-16.
Saksonova, O. M. “Udoskonalennia ekonomichnoho mekhanizmu pryrodokorystuvannia ta pryrodookhoronnoi diialnosti“ [The improvement of the economic mechanism of nature and environmental activities]. dys. … kand. ekon. nauk : 08.08.01, 2003.
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Section: World economy and international relations
UDC 336
Prokopenko V. Y.
The Impact of Monetary Tools on the Real Estate Markets in Several Countries of the World (p. 41 - 49)
The paper deals with monetary tools used by monetary regulators in the Euro zone countries and the USA and also analyses scientific research in the field of monetary control of real estate markets in the Euro zone countries and the USA. The author arrives at the conclusion that liberal monetary regimes are mostly used to influence financial markets, including the real estate market. The paper examines monetary tools in dynamics and in coordination with the change of price behavior in real estate markets of the above-mentioned countries.
Keywords: real estate market, monetary regulators, monetary tools, residential real estate, real estate price index
Fig.: 3. Bibl.: 37.

Prokopenko Valeriia Yu. – Doctor of Sciences (Economics), Professor, Director, International Institute of Innovative Educational Technologies (office 1-3, 7/9 Karazina Str., Kharkiv, 61002, Ukraine)
Email: pvu9@ukr.net

Reference to this article:
Prokopenko, Valeriia Yu. (2014) “The Impact of Monetary Tools on the Real Estate Markets in Several Countries of the World.” The Problems of Economy 2:41–49.

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Section: World economy and international relations
UDC 336.741.242.1
Seitim A. Y.
The Usage of Cryptocurrency as an Alternative Solution of Issues of the World Monetary System (p. 50 - 55)
Financial sector, as well as all other aspects of business, has not escaped the introduction of IT-technologies. Not only have these technologies accelerated all transactions, but also made them relatively cheap and instant. If earlier payments were primarily conducted only in traditional currencies by banks and other relevant entities, recently the Bitcoin and other similar cryptocurrencies took its place as a universal currency. This article is devoted to the topical matter of cryptocurrencies, their functions and mechanisms of emission. This topic is particularly relevant today, as the traditional common currency like the U.S. dollar, yen, etc., are not so stable as before. Especially a lot of claims are presented to the U.S. dollar. Among the main complaints – the uncontrolled by the rest of the financial market emission of the U.S. currency. The cryptocurrency Bitcoin is devoid of this shortcoming. Being unrecognized as money, the cryptocurrency Bitcoin already has its own stock exchange, fund a large community of developers, users and carriers. Separate groups of states, such as the BRICS, the Bolivarian Alliance and other communities have long been working on the creation of their own currencies. The trend of reorganization of the world monetary system is becoming more and more distinct.
Keywords: Currency system, cryptocurrency, Bitcoin, decentralized system, the risk of inflation, deflation, the value of money theory, the law of supply and demand, the global financial crisis
Fig.: 2. Bibl.: 12.

Seitim Aiganym Ye. – Candidate on Doctor Degree, Department of Economics, University «Тuran» (16-18-18a Satpaeva Str., Almaty, 050013, Kazakhstan)
Email: seitima@mail.ru

Reference to this article:
Seitim, Aiganym Ye. (2014) “The Usage of Cryptocurrency as an Alternative Solution of Issues of the World Monetary System.” The Problems of Economy 2:50–55.

List of references in article

Sayt ekonomicheskogo zhurnala «Ekspert». http://expert.ru/2013/12/2/vostochnaya-afrika-vstala-na-evropejskij-put/?n=66992/
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Ekspertnyy sayt Vysshey shkoly ekonomiki. http://www.opec.ru/1157071.html/
Internet-entsiklopediia Vikipediia. http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Nakamoto, S. “A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System“. www.bitcoin.org./3page
Sayt kriptovaliuty bitkoin. http://bitcoin.org/ru/как-это-работает
“Soobshchenie Federalnogo Biuro Rassledovaniy SShA. Virtualnaia valiuta Bitkoyn: unikalnye osobennosti predstavliaiut otdelnye zatrudneniia sderzhivaniia nezakonnoy deiatelnosti“ [Message the U. S. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Virtual currency Bitcoin: unique features represent individual difficulties deter illegal activities]. http://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2012/05/Bitcoin-FBI.pdf
“Publikatsiia Vey Day“ [Publication Wei Dai]. http://www.weidai.com/bmoney.txt
Sayt kriptovaliuty bitkoin. http://bitcoin.org/ru/описание/
Finansovyy sayt «Lichnye finansy». http://pfin.com.ua/istoriya-deneg-2000/
Stoliarov, I. A. Antologiia ekonomicheskoy klassiki [Anthology of economic classics]. Moscow: Ekonov, 1993.
Statisticheskiy sayt kriptovaliut. http://bitinfocharts.com/ru/bitcoin

Section: Economics and national economy management
UDC 65.050.12
Luchyk S. D., Luchyk M. V.
Food Security Assessment as Part of the Economic Security of the Country (p. 56 - 61)
The purpose of the article is to study food security as part of the economic security of the country. Given the current legislation of Ukraine and materials of agriculture statistics, the key indicators of food security were calculated and analyzed. The study identified the main directions of development of branches of agriculture. It was proven that the innovative scenario of agricultural sector development will increase the level of self-sufficiency of the country’s population with main products, which ultimately will ensure food security of the state. The prospect of further research in this direction is to predict future state of agricultural market conditions during the implementation of a scenario situation. Predicted values obtained will allow to suggest a set of strategic measures to ensure the economic security of the agricultural sector of the economy.
Keywords: economic security, food security, agricultural industry, innovative development
Tabl.: 1. Bibl.: 11.

Luchyk Svitlana D. – Doctor of Sciences (Economics), Professor, Professor, Department of Inclusive Economics, Cybernetics and Computer Science, Kamianets-Podilskyi State Institute (13 Hodovantsia Str., Kamianets-Podilskyi, Khmelnytskyi region, 32300, Ukraine)
Email: luchiksvitlana@gmail.com
Luchyk Marharyta V. – Candidate of Sciences (Economics), Head of Sector, PJSC «CREDIT AGRICOLE BANK» (42/4 Pushkіnska Str., Kyiv, 01004, Ukraine)
Email: luchik-margarita@ukr.net

Reference to this article:
Luchyk, Svitlana D., and Luchyk, Marharyta V. (2014) “Food Security Assessment as Part of the Economic Security of the Country.” The Problems of Economy 2:56–61.

List of references in article

Kulagina, N. A. “Teoriia i metodologiia ekonomicheskoy bezopasnosti agropromyshlennogo kompleksa“ [Theory and Methodology of economic security agribusiness]. avtoref. dis. … dokt. ekon. nauk : 08.00. 05, 2012.
Zhuravkov, V. V. Prodovolcha bezpeka v nadzvychainykh sytuatsiiakh: istorychnyi dosvid ta kontseptualni pidkhody do ii zabezpechennia v Ukraini [Food security in emergencies: historical experience and conceptual approaches to its support in Ukraine]. Kyiv: UAZT, 2002.
[Legal Act of Ukraine] (2013). http://cct.com.ua/2013/29.10.2013_1277.htm
Silske hospodarstvo Ukrainy za 2008 rik [Farming Ukraine 2008]. Kyiv: IVTs Derzhkomstatu Ukrainy, 2008.
Silske hospodarstvo Ukrainy za 2012 rik [Farming Ukraine 2012]. Kyiv: Derzhavna sluzhba statystyky Ukrainy, 2013.
Petrenko, I. “Fabryka eksportnoi kuriatyny“ [Factory poultry exports]. Ahrobiznes syohodni, no. 24 (2013): 14-17.
Volska, O. M. “Suchasnyi stan ta perspektyvy rozvytku rynku moloka ta molokoproduktiv v Ukraini“ [Current status and prospects of the market in milk and milk products in Ukraine]. http://www.confcontact.com/2013-kachestvo-economichnogo-rozvitku/5_volska.htm
Kersaniuk, Yu. “Kon’iunktura zmin na rynku moloka : prohnoz“ [Conditions change in the milk market: the forecast]. http://www.agro-business.com.ua/2010-06-11-12-52-32/1797-2013-09-27-12-06-02.html
Halatsan, L. A. “Normatyvno-tekhnichna dokumentatsiia v tsukrovii haluzi, iakist tsukru, vyroblenoho tsukrovymy zavodamy Ukrainy“ [Normative and technical documents in the sugar industry, the quality of sugar produced by sugar factories Ukraine]. http://www.sugarconf.com/custom/files/ua_2011_03/8.pdf
Yuzepchuk, O. “Pozhyvna tsinnist bilka kartopli pryrivniuietsia do kuriachoho m’iasa“ [Nutritive value of potato protein equivalent to chicken meat]. Vidomosti. UA. http://vidomosti-ua.com/news/47376
“Ukraina: AhroZED-pidsumky-2013“ [Ukraine: AhroZED-results-2013]. http://agroconf.org/content/ukrayina-agrozed-pidsumki-201

Section: Economics and national economy management
UDC 330.342.3
Moroz O. V., Volovodyuk S. S.
Principles of Adaptation of the Economy of Ukraine to the Postindustrial Society Demands (p. 62 - 66)
The article describes the evolutionary features of the trans-market transformations in XVIII – XXI century. The regularity and consistency of formational processes of transition to a post-industrial age period were noticed. The attention is focused on the progressive dematerialization of the economy and a lot of systemic change, which include dominance moral and ethical priorities. Given the problems associated with the disagreement of the information function of a competitive market in the period of transformational change. The desirability of changes in the competitive market mechanisms in connection with the duality of modern global economic processes through a combination of their structure as industrial and post-industrial relations was highlighted. The necessity of the application based on communicative rationality, which is based on the principles of convergence and solidarity, on the predominance of informal ethical evaluation positions on the potential of the individual accumulated knowledge and relevant assessments of information flows. Offered at the enterprise level to provide adequate information and competitiveness in a globalized network society postindustrial period attract informative technology not only as a tool for advertising and sales area, but also in the process of its formation and development, which reduces the distance between producer and consumer and minimizes the negative impact of uncertainty.
Keywords: post-industrialism, competition, competitive mechanisms, communicative rationality, competitiveness
Fig.: 1. Bibl.: 11.

Moroz Oleg V. – Doctor of Sciences (Economics), Professor, Head of the Department, Department of International Economics, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (3 Soniachna Str., Vinnytsia, 21008, Ukraine)
Email: ovmorozz@mail.ru
Volovodyuk Svitlana S. – Applicant, Department of Management and Modeling in Economics, Vinnytsia National Technical University (95 Khmelnytske Chss, Vinnytsia, 21021, Ukraine)
Email: volovoduksveta@gmail.com

Reference to this article:
Moroz, Oleg V., and Volovodyuk, Svitlana S. (2014) “Principles of Adaptation of the Economy of Ukraine to the Postindustrial Society Demands.” The Problems of Economy 2:62–66.

List of references in article

Toffler, E. Metamorfozy vlasti [Metamorphosis power]. Moscow, 2004.
Halchynskyi, A. Politychna nooekonomika: nachala onovlenoi paradyhmy ekonomichnykh znan [Political nooekonomy: Principles renewed paradigm of economic knowledge]. Kyiv: Lybid, 2013.
Semenov, Yu. I. Filosofiia istorii : Zahalna teoriia, osnovni problemy, idei ta kontseptsii vid davnyny do nashykh dniv [Philosophy of History: The General Theory, the main problems, ideas and concepts from antiquity to the present day]. M: Suchasni zoshyty, 2003.
Shevchenko, O. O. Istoriia ekonomiky ta ekonomichnoi dumky: suchasni ekonomichni teorii [History of Economics and Economic Thought: modern economic theory]. Kyiv: Tsentr uchbovoi literatury, 2012.
Draker, P. “Ot kapitalizma k obshchestvu znaniia“ [From capitalism to knowledge society]. In Novaia postindustrialnaia volna na ZapadeMoscow: Academia, 1999.
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Filipenko, A. S. Ekonomichnyi rozvytok suchasnoi tsyvilizatsii [Economic development of modern civilization]. Kyiv: Znannia, 2000.
Chukhno, A. A. Postindustrialna ekonomika : teoriia, praktyka ta ikh znachennia dlia Ukrainy [Post-industrial economy: theory, practice, and their importance for Ukraine]. Kyiv: Lohos, 2003.
Makohon, Yu. V., Luk’ianenko, D. H., and Pakhomov, Yu. M. Mizhnarodni stratehii rozvytku [International development strategy]. Kyiv: Osvita Ukrainy, 2009.
Kastels, M. Informatsionnaia epokha: ekonomika, obshchestvo i kultura [The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture]. Moscow: GU VShE, 2000.

Section: Economics and national economy management
UDC 336.767.3
Tarachev V. A., Petrikova E. M.
Infrastructure Bonds in Russia as a Tool to Reduce Economic Growth Infrastructure Restrictions (p. 67 - 75)
The article examines the financing of infrastructure projects using this innovative mechanism, as a means to issue infrastructure bonds. The Russian theory, law and practice there is have no clear understanding of the nature of the process. The article shows how the infrastructure constraints of economic growth can be removed with the help of investment projects financed through the issuance of infrastructure bonds. The concept of "specialized society project financing" mechanism for the preparation and issue of the procedure, the scheme of financing investment projects through infrastructure bonds and the main directions of improving the process.
Keywords: infrastructure bonds, infrastructure constraints of economic growth, concession agreements, contracts lifecycle, public-private partnership, the Reserve Fund, a sovereign wealth fund; A special project company, specialized project finance company
Fig.: 3. Tabl.: 1. Bibl.: 5.

Tarachev Vladimir A. – Doctor of Sciences (Economics), Professor, Professor, Department, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation (Leningradskiy prospekt, d. 49, Moscow, 125993, Russia)
Email: tarachev@yandex.ru
Petrikova Elena M. – Doctor of Sciences (Economics), Associate Professor, Associate Professor, Department of Finance and Prices, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics (per. Stremyannyy, 36, Moscow, 117997, Russia)
Email: petrikova@mail.ru

Reference to this article:
Tarachev, Vladimir A., and Petrikova, Elena M. (2014) “Infrastructure Bonds in Russia as a Tool to Reduce Economic Growth Infrastructure Restrictions.” The Problems of Economy 2:67–75.

List of references in article

Ber, Kh. P. Sekiuritizatsiia aktivov: sekiuritizatsiia finansovykh aktivov – innovatsionnaia tekhnika finansirovaniia bankov [Asset securitization: securitization of financial assets - innovative technology financing banks]. Moscow: Volters Kluver, 2006.
Limitovskiy, M. A. Investitsionnye proekty i realnye optsiony na razvivaiushchikhsia rynkakh [Investment projects and real options in emerging markets]. Moscow: Yurayt, 2011.
Petrikova, E. M. Regulirovanie platezhnogo balansa i mezhdunarodnoy investitsionnoy pozitsii Rossii [Regulation of the balance of payments and international investment position of Russia]. Moscow: FGBOU VPO «REU im. Plekhanova», 2013.
Vinkov, A., and Sivakov, D. “Poshli kupatsia v golubom okeane“ [Went swimming in the blue ocean]. Ekspert, no. 17-18 (849) (2013).
Petrikova, E. M., and Korzina, E. A. “Vozmozhnosti regionalnykh i mestnykh biudzhetov po realizatsii mekhanizmov gosudarstvenno-chastnogo partnerstva (GChP)\"“ [The capacity of regional and local budgets for the implementation of public-private partnership (PPP)\"]. Finansy i Kredit, no. 25 (457) (2011).

Section: Economics and national economy management
UDC 330.334:339.172:303.72
Hor’ovyi V. P., Sydorenko O. V.
SWOT-analysis of the Agricultural Produce Exchange in Ukraine (p. 76 - 82)
The aim of this paper is to examine the SWOT-analysis of the agricultural produce exchange in Ukraine. This paper resolves an important problem of building up the development strategy for such a complex economic system as the agricultural produce exchange (APE) of Ukraine. The study introduces the author's vision on the analysis of the APE business environment operation, eliciting the influences on it in Ukraine, on the basis of which SWOT-analysis has been made. The results of the SWOT-analysis suggest the most appropriate and cost-effective development strategies and define the priority and sequence of each of the strategic plans depending on complexity and investment. Eliminating problems and threats on the basis of this SWOT-analysis will enable the formation of an effective and balanced agricultural produce exchange with high motivation directly in the sphere of agricultural production, insurance and, the most crucial, management. In the light of the need for intensification and urgency of further development of the agricultural produce exchange in Ukraine, research related to APE development strategy will be further investigated in theoretical and practical scientific studies.
Keywords: stock exchange, agricultural produce, system analysis, SWOT-analysis, strategic plan, development
Tabl.: 4. Formulae: 4. Bibl.: 14.

Hor’ovyi Vasyl’ P. – Doctor of Sciences (Economics), Professor, Head of the Department, Department of Management named after professor I. S. Zavadsky, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine (15 Heroiv Oborony Str., Kyiv, 03041, Ukraine)
Sydorenko Oksana V. – Candidate of Sciences (Economics), Associate Professor, Candidate on Doctor Degree, Department of Management named after professor I. S. Zavadsky, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine (15 Heroiv Oborony Str., Kyiv, 03041, Ukraine)
Email: Sydorenko_Oxana@ukr.net

Reference to this article:
Hor’ovyi, Vasyl’ P., and Sydorenko, Oksana V. (2014) “SWOT-analysis of the Agricultural Produce Exchange in Ukraine.” The Problems of Economy 2:76–82.

List of references in article

Ansoff, I. Strategicheskoe upravlenie [Strategic management]. Moscow: Ekonomika, 1999.
Berdanova, O., and Vakulenko, V. Stratehichne planuvannia mistsevoho rozvytku [Strategic planning for local development]. Kyiv: Sofyia-A, 2012.
Goldshteyn, G. Ya. “Strategicheskiy menedzhment“ [Strategic management]. http://www.aup.ru/books/m24/
Hrabovetskyi, B. IE., and Zianko, V. V. “Identyfikatsiia zmistu ta ranzhuvannia faktoriv, shcho obmezhuiut rozvytok venchurnoho biznesu na osnovi metodu ekspertnykh otsinok Delfi“ [Identification of content and ranking factors limiting the development of venture capital on the basis of expert assessments Delphi]. Visnyk Vinnytskoho politekhnichnoho instytutu, no. 4 (2013): 46-54.
Dibb, S., Simkin, L., and Bredli, Dzh. Prakticheskoe rukovodstvo po marketingovomu planirovaniiu [A practical guide to marketing planning]. St. Petersburg: Piter, 2006.
Dombrovska, H. P., and Herashchenko, I. O. “Osoblyvosti stratehichnoho planuvannia diialnosti na pidpryiemstvi“ [Features of the strategic planning of the company]. Komunalne hospodarstvo mist. Seriia «Ekonomichni nauky», no. 85 (2008): 211-216.
Lukina, Yu. V. “Formuvannia ta realizatsiia stratehii upravlinnia finansamy pidpryiemstva“ [Formulation and implementation of strategies for managing the finances of the company]. Finansy Ukrainy, no. 3 (2006): 113-118.
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Sydorenko, O. V. “Birzhovyi rynok silskohospodarskoi produktsii: bazovi aspekty teoretyko-metodolohichnoho doslidzhennia“ [Stock market for agricultural products: a basic theoretical and methodological aspects of the study]. Upravlinnia ekonomichnym rozvytkom promyslovykh pidpryiemstv. Seriia «Ekonomika» vol. 12, no. 220 (2012): 210-216.
Semenov, A. H., Yeroputova, O. O., and Perekrest, T. V. Finansova stratehiia v upravlinni pidpryiemstvamy [Financial strategy in the management of enterprises]. Zaporizhzhia: KPU, 2008.
Shershnyova, Z. IE., and Oborska, S. V. Stratehichne upravlinnia [Strategic Management]. Kyiv: KNEU, 1999.
“SWOT-analiz. Osnovnye polozheniia SWOT-analiza predpriiatiia“ [SWOT-analysis. Main provisions of the SWOT-analysis company]. http://www.stplan.ru/articles/theory/swot.htm
SWOT-analiz – osnova formuvannia marketynhovykh stratehii [SWOT-Analysis - a Basis for Developing marketing strategies]. Kyiv: Znannia, 2005.

Section: Economics and national economy management
UDC 334.724:655
Ivanov Y. B.
Methodological Aspects of the Analysis of Economic Development of Publishing and Printing Activities in Ukraine (p. 83 - 88)
The purpose of the article is to study the actual approaches to the analysis of economic development, in particular, its manifestations in the context of determining priorities of publishing and printing industry by formulating the essential characteristics of groups of factors that influence and clarify the simulations performed. The study investigated the development of publishing and printing industry in the context of sustainable development and institutional development issues new information economy. Grouping and structuring of the basic characteristics of groups of factors determining the economic development of publishing and printing activities in Ukraine. Substantiated proposals to clarify and improve the forecasting model of mutual influence of selected factors on the basis of the hierarchy of functional competition with other areas of consumer information. Prospects for further investigation in this direction are the formulation of the theoretical and methodological foundations of management and regulation of publishing and printing industry in the information society, solutions using such techniques of sustainable development, and on the conceptual level, there is a need to clarify certain fundamental categories of knowledge economy.
Keywords: publishing and printing activities, development, information, factors, modeling
Tabl.: 2. Formulae: 4. Bibl.: 27.

Ivanov Yuriy B. – Doctor of Sciences (Economics), Professor, Chief research scientist, Research Centre for Industrial Problems of Development of NAS of Ukraine (2 floor 1-a Inzhenernyi Ln., Kharkіv, 61166, Ukraine)
Email: yuriy.ivanov.ua@gmail.com

Reference to this article:
Ivanov, Yuriy B. (2014) “Methodological Aspects of the Analysis of Economic Development of Publishing and Printing Activities in Ukraine.” The Problems of Economy 2:83–88.

List of references in article

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Bartish, M. Ya., and Dudzianyi, I. M. Doslidzhennia operatsii [Operations Research]. Lviv: LNU im. Ivana Franka, 2009.
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http://www. unido. org/index. php?id=28

Section: Economics and national economy management
UDC 165.63:339.137.2(477)
Shkurupii O. V., Bazavluk N. G.
Factors that are Affecting the Dynamics of the Economy of Ukraine and National Competitiveness (p. 89 - 94)
The development of the modern world economy has necessitated the formation of approaches to national competitiveness. Given this, it is important to identify factors that influence this process. The aim of the article is to determine the factors of competitiveness of Ukraine and to identify the priority areas of economic development. The article describes the main factors of competitiveness of the country. Modern trends of innovative development in Ukraine were analyzed. Competitive advantages and critical gaps were identified in the context of individual components of sub indexes, Global Competitiveness Index. The scientific basis of this study is the theory of M. Porter, which is taken as a basis for the World Economic Forum in determining the Global Competitiveness Index of the country. Given the fidelity of international processes Index Doing Business was also used in the analysis, which is defined by the World Bank. The analysis of factors of competitiveness of Ukraine demonstrates the negative impact of the institutional environment, macroeconomic instability, inefficiency of the commodity market and the financial system of the country on innovation activities of the country. Elucidation of Ukraine's place in the world economic system of modern relationships and the definition of its competitive advantages has shown that the country has sufficient potential for economic development, which, however, is not used properly.
Keywords: factors of competitiveness, innovation development, economic dynamics
Fig.: 1. Tabl.: 1. Bibl.: 9.

Shkurupii Olha V. – Doctor of Sciences (Economics), Professor, Professor, Department of Economics and International Economic Relations, Poltava State Agrarian University (13 Skovorody Str., Poltava, 36003, Ukraine)
Email: olha.shkurupii@pdaa.edu.ua
Bazavluk Nataliia G. – Assistant, Department of International Economics, Poltava University of Economics and Trade (3 Kovalia Str., Poltava, 36014, Ukraine)
Email: natabazavluk@ukr.net

Reference to this article:
Shkurupii, Olha V., and Bazavluk, Nataliia G. (2014) “Factors that are Affecting the Dynamics of the Economy of Ukraine and National Competitiveness.” The Problems of Economy 2:89–94.

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“Naukova ta innovatsiina diialnist v Ukraini“ [Research and Innovation in Ukraine]. http://ukrstat.gov.ua
Porter, M. Konkurentsiia [Competition]. Moscow: Viliams, 2005.
Uniiat, A. V. “Kryterii ta otsinka konkurentospromozhnosti krain na mizhnarodnomu rivni“ [Criteria and Evaluation competitiveness internationally]. Halytskyi ekonomichnyi visnyk, no. 2 (2009): 7-13.
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Section: Economics and national economy management
UDC 331.108.2
Achkasova O. V.
Organizational and Legal Aspects of Outstaffing in Ukraine (p. 95 - 99)
The aim of the article is a research and generalization of theoretical aspects of outstaffing to identify opportunities and threats related to the participation of all the subjects of this process, organizational and legal aspects of outstaffing, which if taken into account, will provide the possible benefits of its implementation. Based on analysis of the literature and study of practical experience in the provision of services in Ukraine’s outstaffing the content of the process was determined. The generalization and systematization of the opportunities and threats that are associated with participation in the process of all subjects, particularly outstaffing workers as the most vulnerable members. Recommendations were provided for improving the content of the outstaffing contract and provide a legal framework for the provision of this service and improving social protection of outstaffing workers. In order to address the identified problems and hidden dangers that are associated with the implementation of outstaffing, it was proposed to implement it by domestic companies, subject to certain legal aspects.
Keywords: outstaffing opportunities, hidden threats, employee social security, legal aspects, the agreement of outstaffing, execution order of outstaffing
Fig.: 1. Tabl.: 1. Bibl.: 9.

Achkasova Oksana V. – Candidate of Sciences (Economics), Lecturer, Department of Personnel Management and Labour Economics, Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics (9a Nauky Ave., Kharkіv, 61166, Ukraine)
Email: achkasova.oksana@gmail.com

Reference to this article:
Achkasova, Oksana V. (2014) “Organizational and Legal Aspects of Outstaffing in Ukraine.” The Problems of Economy 2:95–99.

List of references in article

Havlovska, N. I., and Yakymets, Yu. “Problemy ta perspektyvy zastosuvannia autstafinhu v Ukraini“ [Problems and prospects of Outstaffing in Ukraine]. http://www.rusnauka.com/20_DNI_2013/Economics/5_142876.doc.htm
Havryliuk, I. “Austafinh personalu: skhema zdiisnennia“ [Outstaffing Staff scheme implementation]. http://blog.profit-consul.com.ua/ua/trudovoe-pravo/576-autstaffing-personala-shema-osuwestvlenija/
Dombrovska, H. P., and Herashchenko, I. O. “Autstafinh – instrument upravlinnia personalom“ [Outstaffing - HR tool]. Visnyk NTU «KhPI», no. 62 (2010): 15-22.
“Dosvid autsorsynhu HR-funktsii providnykh kompanii Ukrainy: rezultaty doslidzhennia“ [The experience of outsourcing HR-functions leading companies in Ukraine: results of the study]. http://grouprost.com/ru/Новости/1180
Markitan, V. V., Nimizhan, N. D., and Khorosheniuk, S. V. “Autstafinh ta lizynh iak instrumenty menedzhmentu personalu“ [Outstaffing leasing and management staff as tools]. http://www.rusnauka.com/15_NNM_2012/Economics/6_111112.doc.htm
Popova, A. Yu., and Dukova, A. H. “Novi tendentsii v upravlinni potentsialom pidpryiemstv na pidstavi reinzhynirynhu biznes-protsesiv ta autsorsynhu“ [New trends in the management of potential businesses based on business process reengineering and outsourcing]. Ekonomika promyslovosti, no. 3 (2009): 158-162.
“Praktika ispolzovaniia autstaffinga v Rossii“ [The practice of using outstaffing in Russia]. http://ekonom.io.ua/s87593
Romanenko, M. “Vykorystannia autstafinhu dlia znyzhennia ryzykiv diialnosti personalu“ [Use Outstaffing to reduce the risk of staff]. Skhid, no. 2 (109) (2011): 61-65.
Khokhlova, I. V. “Autstafinh (vyvid za shtat) personalu: problematyka ta perspektyvy v suchasnykh ekonomichnykh umovakh Ukrainy“ [Outstaffing (output per state) Personnel: problems and prospects in the current economic conditions in Ukraine]. Ukrainskyi sotsium, no. 4 (2013): 140-150.

Section: Economics and national economy management
UDC 656.61:656.033.9
Budnik V. A., Shkurko Y. L.
Controlling Tariffs for Cargo Handling in the Sea Ports of Ukraine (p. 100 - 107)
The processes of the liberalization of tariffs for cargo handling in the sea ports of Ukraine by deregulation of rates for loading and unloading. The expediency of introducing tools of controlling tariffs for cargo handling in the sea ports, that is to determine the reasonable value of the discount rate applicable at the time of tariffs for loading and unloading services ports. A methodical approach was developed to control tariffs transshipment at the sea ports for the calculation of each cargo traffic that is served in a port value economically justified tariff considering the demand for port cargo handling, regulation of tariffs in the sea ports of Ukraine and achieve maximum profit from the port transshipment. Availability of the proposed methodological approach to optimize tariff policy seaports of Ukraine confirmed by the example of calculating the amount of discounts on the existing tariffs transshipment cargo flows for the three that are served in Izmail seaport.
Keywords: tariff policy, rates, discount, freight, controlling, controlling payment
Fig.: 2. Tabl.: 1. Formulae: 8. Bibl.: 13.

Budnik Victoriya A. – Candidate of Sciences (Economics), Associate Professor, Associate Professor, Department of Transportation and Marketing, Kyiv State Maritime Academy named after Hetman Petro Konashevich-Sahaydachniy (9 Kyrylivska Str., Kyiv, 04071, Ukraine)
Email: alexdbuddom@mail.ru
Shkurko Yelizaveta L. – Assistant, Department of Accounting and Auditing, Kyiv State Maritime Academy named after Hetman Petro Konashevich-Sahaydachniy (9 Kyrylivska Str., Kyiv, 04071, Ukraine)
Email: liza_2005@ukr.net

Reference to this article:
Budnik, Victoriya A., and Shkurko, Yelizaveta L. (2014) “Controlling Tariffs for Cargo Handling in the Sea Ports of Ukraine.” The Problems of Economy 2:100–107.

List of references in article

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Sudarev, V. A. “Optimizatsiia sistemy skidok s portovykh tarifov“ [Optimization of the system of discounts on port tariff]. Metody ta zasoby upravlinnia rozvytkom transportnykh system, no. 10 (2005): 162-170.
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Section: Economics and national economy management
UDC 005:658
Kalyuzhna N. H.
The Resource Concept of the Interpretation of Potential in Economy: the Nature and Limitations in Application (p. 108 - 114)
The aim of the article is to determine the expediency of compliance with the resource concept of interpretation of the potential as an economic category. To solve this problem a systematization of the main approaches to the interpretation of the concept of "potential" in the economy was implemented and the evolution of the interpretation of the concept of "productive potential" was studied. It was also shown that a considerable spread in the economy in general and in the definition of productive potential in particular the concept of resource-based potential interpretation was received within which the resource, resource-focused and resource and result approaches were formed. It was proved that, despite the close relationship between the resources and potential of an economic entity, these concepts are not identical, namely the provision of resources for the business entity is a necessary condition but not exhaustive realization of its potential. The prospect of further research in this direction is to identify opportunities for integration of resource concept with other approaches to the treatment of potential as an economic category.
Keywords: potential, economy, resources, concept, company\'s approach
Tabl.: 2. Bibl.: 23.

Kalyuzhna Nataliya H. – Doctor of Sciences (Economics), Professor, Professor, Department of World Economy, State University of Trade and Economics / Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics (19 Kіoto Str., Kyiv, 02156, Ukraine)
Email: n.kalyuzhna@knute.edu.ua

Reference to this article:
Kalyuzhna, Nataliya H. (2014) “The Resource Concept of the Interpretation of Potential in Economy: the Nature and Limitations in Application.” The Problems of Economy 2:108–114.

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Section: Economics and national economy management
UDC 378.6:338.46
Kutsenko M. A.
Economic Factors of Education Quality in the Civil Defense System in Ukraine (p. 115 - 120)
The purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of the quality of education and personnel training in the civil defense system as well as the connection between the quality of personnel training and the economic impact of state by the example of civil defense service in Ukraine. After analyzing, systematizing and generalizing domestic and foreign scientific works, the author specifies the peculiarities of educational services and determines the concept of quality in education. The paper investigates the difference between the concepts of “education quality”, “learning quality” and “personnel training quality” and defines the factors affecting the quality of personnel training for civil defense. The author estimates the economic component of improving the training quality and proposes general instructions for evaluating the quality of personnel training in civil defense system in Ukraine. The results of the study show ways to improve the quality of personnel training through the reform in the financial mechanism of providing personnel training in the civil defense system. The perspective for further research should lie in conducting a factor analysis to determine the dependence of losses from emergencies and personnel training quality.
Keywords: quality, personnel training, rating, economic factors, financial mechanism
Fig.: 1. Formulae: 1. Bibl.: 22.

Kutsenko Maria A. – Candidate of Sciences (Economics), Head of the Department, adjuncture, Academy of Fire Safety named Heroes of Chernobyl (8 Onoprіienka Str., Cherkasy, 18034, Ukraine)
Email: kutsenko_maria@ukr.net

Reference to this article:
Kutsenko, Maria A. (2014) “Economic Factors of Education Quality in the Civil Defense System in Ukraine.” The Problems of Economy 2:115–120.

List of references in article

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Section: Economics and national economy management
UDC 004.89
Matyushenko I. Y., Shostak I. V., Danova M. O.
Approach to Automation of Methodology Foresight Concerning the Definition of the Scientific and Technological Priorities of Nano Industry (p. 121 - 130)
The generalized procedure for implementing of Foresight project to identify promising areas of nanotechnology NTR was suggested. As a result of solving the problem an information technology implementation of the Foresight Project will be created on setting priorities in predicting NTR nano industry. As a formal framework the methods of bibliometrics and scientometrics (counting the number of publications), multicriteria decision making problems (t-ordering, Pareto optimality) and patent analysis (analysis of the dynamics of inventive activity curves) were chosen. An approach to complex automation foresight projects in Ukraine was given. Theoretical developments in the future will be implemented in the form of an interactive decision support system for members of the Foresight project. However, access is provided to the system using the web-interface. Economic effect of the complex computerization of foresight projects will be achieved by reducing expenditures on experts by reducing their number.
Keywords: foresight project, nanotechnology, scientific and technological development, thematic areas
Fig.: 2. Tabl.: 7. Formulae: 4. Bibl.: 29.

Matyushenko Igor Yu. – Doctor of Sciences (Economics), Professor, Professor, Department of International Economic Relations, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University (4 Svobody Square, Kharkіv, 61022, Ukraine)
Email: igormatyushenko@mail.ru
Shostak Igor V. – Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Associate Professor, Professor, Department of Software Engineering, National Aerospace University «Kharkiv Aviation Institue» named after M. Ye. Zhukovskiy (17 Chkalova Str., Kharkіv, 61070, Ukraine)
Email: iv.shostak@gmail.com
Danova Mariia O. – Postgraduate Student, Department of Software Engineering, National Aerospace University «Kharkiv Aviation Institue» named after M. Ye. Zhukovskiy (17 Chkalova Str., Kharkіv, 61070, Ukraine)
Email: danovamariya@gmail.com

Reference to this article:
Matyushenko, Igor Yu., Shostak, Igor V., and Danova, Mariia O. (2014) “Approach to Automation of Methodology Foresight Concerning the Definition of the Scientific and Technological Priorities of Nano Industry.” The Problems of Economy 2:121–130.

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Section: Economics and national economy management
UDC 336.02
Petrushevska V. V.
Adaptation of Financial Policy of Ukraine to the Conditions of Globalization and European Integration Processes (p. 131 - 137)
The process of European integration of Ukraine provides for the implementation of a number of measures aimed at the harmonization and unification of these components of the financial policy: such as monetary, fiscal and currency policies, and institutional conditions of the process for our country. The aim of the research is to study the basic aspects of financial integration of Ukraine into the European Community. International financial integration intensifies around the world, especially among the advanced economies. The main consequence of interstate integration for countries is the reduction of the number of available instruments of financial policy, which can be applied for the purposes of macroeconomic stabilization. In particular, the country is not able to fully use monetary and credit policy to smooth the negative effects of the economic crisis and the main instrument of financial stabilization is fiscal policy. If we consider the path of development of Ukraine's European integration and the possibility of moving the national economy to the innovative type, the emphasis in shaping financial policy should shift towards fiscal regulation. Particular attention in the process of European integration of Ukraine should be given to the development of the domestic financial market. Financial policy should be aimed at satisfying the interests of the general public. The success of fiscal policy leads to the development of the real economy, leading to an expansion of the tax base and strengthening Ukraine's strategic position in the international arena.
Keywords: Financial policy, fiscal policy, monetary and credit policy, financial system, globalization, integration, European Union, Eurozone
Fig.: 2. Tabl.: 1. Bibl.: 11.

Petrushevska Viktoriia V. – Candidate of Sciences (Public Administration), Associate Professor, Associate Professor, Department of Finance, Donetsk State University of Management (58 Karpinskoho Str., Mariupol, Donetsk region, 87535, Ukraine)
Email: petrushevskaya@list.ru

Reference to this article:
Petrushevska, Viktoriia V. (2014) “Adaptation of Financial Policy of Ukraine to the Conditions of Globalization and European Integration Processes.” The Problems of Economy 2:131–137.

List of references in article

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Section: Economics and national economy management
UDC 657
Ryadska V. V.
Institutional Paradigm of Audit in Ukraine: Current State and Prospects for Development (p. 138 - 143)
The paper investigated the content of audit institution and described the mechanism of its formation and development. Systematic understanding of auditing practices from the standpoint of institutional methodology allowed to determine its contents as a set of interdependent and interrelated informal and formal components, internal development and interactions of which reveal the mechanism of the process of change of auditing purposes as a social institution. Formal component of audit institution should be regarded as a hierarchical structure, which includes the norm of following levels: international, national, sectoral, subject auditing. In case of export of audit as a finished institutional form, the first stage of the development of formal component occurs in the direction “from the top down", whereby the structure of the national legislation governing the audit activity must conform to international standards. The next phase of change in the formal component is due to the influence of informal rules in the middle of the audit institution. This effect is maximal at the regional level of audit activity and is completely absent at the highest level – international. These circumstances are crucial in the process of further development of the audit institution in connection with the fact that the result of the effect of the interaction of formal and informal components at the lowest level of the hierarchy becomes the impetus for changes in the content of the institute in the direction “from the bottom up". Further disclosure of the audit institution should be carried out through the determination of its structure, content of which, in turn, should: be harmonized in accordance with the requirements of the European Union regarding the terms of the statutory audit of annual and consolidated accounts; correspond to the level of socio-economic relations of subjects of the triangular relationship; form the basis for further development of the institutional environment of audit activity.
Keywords: institute of audit, audit institution formal norms, informal norms of audit institute, audit framework
Fig.: 1. Bibl.: 20.

Ryadska Valentyna V. – Candidate of Sciences (Economics), Associate Professor, Candidate on Doctor Degree, Department of audit, Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman (54/1 Beresteiskyi Ave., Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine)
Email: ppaflotos@gmail.com

Reference to this article:
Ryadska, Valentyna V. (2014) “Institutional Paradigm of Audit in Ukraine: Current State and Prospects for Development.” The Problems of Economy 2:138–143.

List of references in article

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Butynets, F. F., Maliuha, N. M., and Petrenko, N. I. Audyt: stan i tendentsii rozvytku v Ukraini ta sviti [Audit: state and development trends in Ukraine and abroad]. Zhytomyr: ZhDTU, 2004.
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Section: Economics and national economy management
UDC 330.46:658.7
Sysoiev V. V.
Model of Supply Management of Security Forces and Defense Sector of the State in a Single System of Logistics (p. 144 - 153)
Reforming the forces of the security and defense sector of the state under modern conditions makes the integration of their systems of logistics into a single system, doing that requires a research of problems in logistics management in proposed vertical and integrated macrologistical system. The purpose of this paper is to develop a model for Supply Management of security and defense sector forces of the state in a single system of logistics based on the hierarchical structure of the system and the interaction of its elements. Developed based on the theory of management of organizational systems management, the model shows the key characteristics of the process of supply management of security and defense sector forces of the state on the conceptual level and defines the entire spectrum of relationships involved in the process. The model implements the idea of system management of government’s actions at different hierarchical levels of the system through a coordinated sequential choice of the dominant supply management strategies and their implementation using various managerial and logistical arrangements. Application of the model creates opportunities for the development of economic and mathematical models to select the most cost-effective options for the supply of distributed organizational structures of security and defense sector forces in a limited state budget financing, diversified material and technical resources and services, the changing conditions of markets by combining the hierarchical system optimization and optimization of logistics activity, providing global supply chain management process optimization in a unified hierarchical system of logistics.
Keywords: model of management, supply, hierarchical structure, authority control, interaction, strategy, optimization
Fig.: 2. Formulae: 8. Bibl.: 15.

Sysoiev Volodymyr V. – Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), Associate Professor, Candidate on Doctor Degree, Department of Computer Systems and Technologies, Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics (9a Nauky Ave., Kharkіv, 61166, Ukraine)
Email: sysoevvv@ukr.net

Reference to this article:
Sysoiev, Volodymyr V. (2014) “Model of Supply Management of Security Forces and Defense Sector of the State in a Single System of Logistics.” The Problems of Economy 2:144–153.

List of references in article

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Biletov, V. I. “Problema pobudova iedynoi systemy lohistychnoho zabezpechennia viiskovykh formuvan Ukrainy“ [The problem of building a unified system of logistics to ensure military units of Ukraine]. Trudy NUO Ukrainy, no. 4 (91) (2010): 81-89.
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Section: Economics and national economy management
UDC 338.24
Tymoshenko O. V.
Main Directions of Strengthening the Financial Security of Ukraine (p. 154 - 160)
The aim of the article is to analyze the current approaches to assessing the level of economic security as a fundamental component of economic security. The article offers the author's technique evaluation level of financial security in the context of its main components, namely, banking, budget, tax, debt, monetary and foreign exchange, which are considered as the most representative and important. Based on the analysis it was concluded that most of the indicators exceed the limit values safe level of financial security. It is critical to increase the share of foreign capital in the authorized capital of banking institutions, the values of the indicators of external debt per capita exceeds the norm by more than four times the total amount of government debt is extremely dangerous for the economy of Ukraine. The author has developed measures to strengthen security in the components of the financial perspective, including the military-political situation of Ukraine's development, which will increase the competitiveness of the economy; it will provide a sustainable socio-economic development and improve the quality of life of the population.
Keywords: financial security, assessment indicators, bank security, fiscal security, debt security, security tax, monetary security, monetary security
Fig.: 1. Tabl.: 5. Bibl.: 14.

Tymoshenko Olena V. – Candidate of Sciences (Economics), Associate Professor, Dean, Faculty of Economics and Information Technology, Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts (36 Yevhena Konovaltsia Str., Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine)
Email: etymoshenko@i.ua

Reference to this article:
Tymoshenko, Olena V. (2014) “Main Directions of Strengthening the Financial Security of Ukraine.” The Problems of Economy 2:154–160.

List of references in article

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Yermoshenko, M. M. Finansova bezpeka derzhavy: natsionalni interesy, realni zahrozy, stratehiia zabezpechennia [Financial security state: the national interest, the real threat, strategy support]. Kyiv: VTs KNTEU, 2001.
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“Zovnishnii borh Ukrainy na kinets I kvartalu 2014 roku“ [The external debt of Ukraine at the end of the first quarter of 2014]. Ofitsiinyi sait Natsionalnoho banku Ukrainy. www.bank.gov.ua/doccatalog/document?id=71174
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Nechyporuk, L. V. “Posylennia zahroz finansovii bezpetsi derzhavy v umovakh finansovoi hlobalizatsii“ [Increased threats to the financial security of the state in terms of financial globalization]. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats NUDPSU, no. 1 (2012): 281-298.
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Section: Economics and national economy management
UDC 338.24
Tomakh V. V.
The Essence of Knowledge Management of Industrial Enterprises (p. 161 - 166)
Aim is to determine the necessary and sufficient steps in the process of knowledge management in the enterprise in terms of national economic development. Analysis of a number of definitions of "knowledge management" allowed us to offer the following: knowledge management – an ongoing multifaceted process by which an organization increases its competitive advantage through the timely use of the necessary knowledge, and binding elements are the definition, collection, selection, storage, distribution, use, creating and selling knowledge. Also in the article was the basic goal of knowledge management: reducing the knowledge gap by their generation, detection and diffusion, and use of knowledge to create new and stronger competitive advantage. The article analyzes the existing approaches to the definition of knowledge management process steps, and the experience of domestic enterprises, which allowed the selection process to offer knowledge of management stages such as: definition, collection, selection, storage, distribution, use, creating and selling knowledge.
Keywords: knowledge management, knowledge management process, planning, collect, organize, map knowledge
Tabl.: 2. Bibl.: 13.

Tomakh Viktoriya V. – Candidate of Sciences (Economics), Associate Professor, Department of Economics, organization and business planning, Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics (9a Nauky Ave., Kharkіv, 61166, Ukraine)
Email: contact2005@yandex.ru

Reference to this article:
Tomakh, Viktoriya V. (2014) “The Essence of Knowledge Management of Industrial Enterprises.” The Problems of Economy 2:161–166.

List of references in article

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Gaponenko, A. L., and Orlova, T. M. Upravlenie znaniiami. Kak prevratit znaniia v kapital [Knowledge Management. How to turn knowledge into capital]. Moscow: Eksmo, 2008.
Dots., O. R. “Systema upravlinnia znanniamy iak element menedzhmentu kadrovoi polityky v orhanizatsii“ [Knowledge management system as part of the management of personnel policy in the organization]. Naukovyi visnyk, no. 17. 8 (2007): 241-243.
Zhenchur, M. A. “Upravlenie znaniiami v krupnykh kommercheskikh organizatsiiakh“ [Knowledge management in large commercial organizations]. dis. … kand. ekon. nauk: 08. 00.05, 2005.
Marinicheva, M. K. Upravlenie znaniiami na 100% : putevoditel dlia praktikov [Knowledge Management 100%: Guide for Practitioners]. Moscow: Alpina Biznes Buks, 2008.
Milner, B. Z. Upravlenie znaniiami v sovremennoy ekonomike [Knowledge management in the modern economy]. Moscow: Institut ekonomiki RAN, 2008.
Miasoedova, T. G. “Upravlenie znaniiami kak funktsiia deiatelnosti organizatsii“ [Knowledge management as a function of the organization]. Menedzhment v Rossii i za rubezhom, no. 5 (2007): 25-29.
Titiaiev, V. V. “Efektyvne upravlinnia trudovym potentsialom pidpryiemstva na osnovi vprovadzhennia systemy kliuchovykh pokaznykiv rezultatyvnosti“ [Effective management of labor potential on the basis of introduction of key performance indicators]. http://eprints.kname.edu.ua/25727/1/177-182%20Тітяєв%20ВВ.pdf
Tomakh, V. V. “Analiz rozvytku poniattia «upravlinnia znanniamy»“ [Analysis of the concept of \"knowledge management\"]. Biznes Inform, no. 11 (2011): 84-86.
Fedulova, I. V. “Sutnist kontseptsii innovatsiinoho menedzhmentu z pozytsii upravlinnia znanniamy“ [The essence of the concept of innovation management from a position of knowledge management]. http://hghltd.yandex.net/yandbtm?fmode
Dalkir, K. Knowledge management in theory and practiceLondon: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011.
Skyrme, D. “Information Resourses Management“ http://www.skyrme.com/kmbasics/glossary.htm#KM
Virtanen, P., and Helander, N. Knowledge Management: InTech, 2010.

Section: Economics and national economy management
UDC 338.242
Iastrebova G. S., Chagovets L. O., Balykov O. H.
The Possibilities and Preconditions for Ukraine’s “Economic Miracle” (p. 167 - 173)
The aim of the paper is to study the preconditions for elaboration of strategic measures, meant to resolve the crises in the economy, to level the threats of recession and to stabilize the economy. This paper analyzes the macroeconomic situation in the state, the main financial threats to the economic security of the state. The paper reviews European countries’ experience in overcoming the crisis of such sort and potential of such measures in the Ukrainian context. The author emphasizes the examples of countries that have experienced an “economic miracle”, implemented by forced, innovative methods with a focus on national peculiarities, which helps prevent the recession and stabilize general economic situation. The article substantiates the feasibility of large-scale innovative economic anti-recessionary measures and demonstrates the possibility of forming a new legislative and executive power program for Ukraine to recover from the economic and financial crisis as soon as possible. The paper offers a system of priority measures for reforming various sectors within the framework of the crisis management.
Keywords: economic crisis, national economic security, “economic miracle”, threat, crisis management
Fig.: 3. Bibl.: 18.

Iastrebova Ganna S. – Candidate of Sciences (Economics), Associate Professor, Associate Professor, department of economic cybernetics, Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics (9a Nauky Ave., Kharkіv, 61166, Ukraine)
Email: anna_litviniuk@mail.ru
Chagovets Liubov O. – Candidate of Sciences (Economics), Associate Professor, Associate Professor, Department of Economic Cybernetics, Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics (9a Nauky Ave., Kharkіv, 61166, Ukraine)
Email: сhagovets.l@mail.ru
Balykov Oleksii H. – Postgraduate Student, Department of Economic Cybernetics, Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics (9a Nauky Ave., Kharkіv, 61166, Ukraine)
Email: alexbalikov@gmail.com

Reference to this article:
Iastrebova, Ganna S., Chagovets, Liubov O., and Balykov, Oleksii H. (2014) “The Possibilities and Preconditions for Ukraine’s “Economic Miracle”.” The Problems of Economy 2:167–173.

List of references in article

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Erkhard, L. Polveka razmyshleniy [A half-century thought]. Moscow: Nauka; Ordynka, 1996.
Ellington, L. “Learning from the Japanese Economy“ http://iis-db.stanford.edu/docs/122/digest15.pdf
Kindlberger, Ch., and Aliber, R. Mirovye finansovye krizisy. Manii, paniki i krakhi [Global financial crises. Manias, panics and crashes]. St. Petersburg: Piter, 2010.
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Timoshina, T. M. Ekonomicheskaia istoriia zarubezhnykh stran [Economic History of foreign countries]. Moscow: Yustitsinform, 2003.
Izmaylov, I. “Shok ne po-nashemu“ [Shock is not our way]. http://www.epr-magazine.ru/vlast/foreign_exp/german_miracle/
Berkov, A., and Ezhov, V. “Liudvig Erkhard i «nemetskoe chudo»“ [Ludwig Erhard and the \"German miracle\"]. http://www.observer.materik.ru/observer/N03_00/03_18.HTM
Smirnov, A. “Poslevoennoe nemetskoe ekonomicheskoe chudo“ [Post-war German economic miracle]. http://www.zlev.ru/127/127_20.htm
Sumlennyy, S. “Kak oni obustroili Germaniiu“ [As they established Germany]. Ekspert, no. 4 (2007): 32-37.
“Tendentsii tinyovoi ekonomiky v Ukraini u I kvartali 2012 roku“ [Trends in the shadow economy in Ukraine in I quarter of 2012]. http://www.me.gov.ua
Schneider, F., Buehn, A., and Montenegro, E. C. “Shadow Economies All over the World. New Estimates for 162 Countries from 1999 to 2007“ http://elibrary.worldbank.org
Johnson, S., Kaufmann, D., and McMillan, J. “Why do firms hide? Bribes and unofficial activity after communism“Journal of Public Economics, no. 76 (2000): 495-520.
[Legal Act of Ukraine] (2003).
[Legal Act of Ukraine] (2010).

Section: Regional economy
UDC 358.16
Baduda M. P., Zhuk I. I.
Ways of Increasing the Budgetary Financing of Socio-economic Development of the Carpathian Region (p. 174 - 179)
The aim of the article is to identify the main problems and causes of low efficiency of public resources in the areas of the Carpathian region and develop ways to increase their financial viability. The article describes the main problems and causes of low efficiency of public resources in the areas of the Carpathian region. Emphasis is placed on the low efficiency of such mechanisms for regional development, as delegated expenditure, public procurement, and public investment. According to the results of the research the directions were set to increase the financial viability of the Carpathian region. It is necessary to provide incentives for economic growth in the region through a clear link between budget spending priorities of state and regional policies, increase efficiency in order to achieve results at the lowest cost. Prospects for further research in this direction is the introduction of targeted program planning; evaluation of the effectiveness of budget expenditures; restructuring of the public sector; improvement of the state and public financial control over the development budget.
Keywords: government funding, the socio-economic development of the region, the Carpathian region, the local budget, efficiency
Fig.: 1. Tabl.: 1. Bibl.: 11.

Baduda Maria P. – Candidate of Sciences (Economics), Professor, Transcarpathian State University (89a Zankovetskoi Str., Uzhhorod, Zakarpattia region, 88015, Ukraine)
Zhuk Inna I. – Postgraduate Student, Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman (54/1 Beresteiskyi Ave., Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine)
Email: Zhuk_Inna@i.ua

Reference to this article:
Baduda, Maria P., and Zhuk, Inna I. (2014) “Ways of Increasing the Budgetary Financing of Socio-economic Development of the Carpathian Region.” The Problems of Economy 2:174–179.

List of references in article

Boronos, V. H. “Otsinka roli finansovoho potentsialu rehionu v doslidzhenni stiikosti ekonomichnoho rozvytku terytorii“ [Role of the financial capacity of the region to study the stability of the economic development of the territory]. Visnyk SNAU. Seriia «Finansy i kredyt», no. 2 (2011): 85-97.
Butko, M. P., and Akymenko, O. Yu. “Metodychni pidkhody do otsinky efektyvnosti investytsii u rehionalnykh hospodarskykh systemakh“ [Methodological approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of investments in regional economic systems]. Rehionalna ekonomika, no. 1 (2011): 39-47.
[Legal Act of Ukraine]. http://www.minfin.gov.ua/control/uk/publish/printable_article?art_id=267661
Vakhovych, I., and Kaminska, I. Finansova spromozhnist rehionu : diahnostyka ta mekhanizmy zabezpechennia [The financial capacity of the region: diagnosis and mechanisms of support]. Lutsk: Nadstyr’ia, 2009.
[Legal Act of Ukraine] (2007). http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/280/97-%D0%B2%D1%80
Kozoriz, M., and Storonianska, I. “Kontseptualni zasady upravlinnia finansovym potentsialom rehionu“ [Conceptual foundations of the financial potential of the region]. Ekonomist. Ukrainskyi zhurnal, no. 5 (2011): 24-27.
Lunina, I. I. “Mistsevi biudzhety Ukrainy: poshuk novykh pidkhodiv do provedennia reform“ [The local governments of Ukraine: the search for new approaches to reform]. Ekonomika Ukrainy, no. 3 (2009): 31-40.
Moldovan, O. O., Zhalilo, Ya. A., and Shevchenko, O. V. Nova arkhitektura biudzhetnoi systemy Ukrainy: ryzyky ta mozhlyvosti dlia ekonomichnoho zrostannia [The new architecture of the budgetary system of Ukraine: risks and opportunities for economic growth]. Kyiv: NISD, 2010.
Pikhotskyi, V. F. “Derzhavne zabezpechennia sotsialnykh potreb rehioniv“ [State provision of social needs of the regions]. Rehionalna ekonomika, no. 1 (2012): 107-114.
Storonianska, I. Z., Kozoriz, M. A., and Davymuka, S. A. Upravlinnia finansovymy resursamy mistsevykh biudzhetiv Lvivshchyny: problemy ta napriamy pidvyshchennia efektyvnosti [Financial resources of local budgets Lviv region: problems and ways of improving efficiency]. Lviv: IRD NANU, 2013.
Kozoriz, M. A., and Storonianska, I. Z. Finansovyi potentsial rehionu: mekhanizmy formuvannia ta vykorystannia [The financial potential of the region: mechanisms of formation and use]. Lviv: IRD NANU, 2012.

Section: Regional economy
UDC 316.6;332.1;339.3
Korsak V. I.
Formation of Regional Retail Networks, Socio-economic and Environmental Aspects (p. 180 - 186)
The theoretical postulates of the theory of sustainable development of regional retail chains were developed. We used the scientific and special research methods: the method of critical analysis, grouping, specification, scientific abstraction, comparison, synthesis and generalization of scientific experience of modern theoretical studies, systematic and comprehensive approaches. The key socio-environmental threats to human development were analyzed. The basic socio-economic and ecological theories were analyzed, which highlight the way out of the ecological crisis and ways to prevent the development of a possible environmental disaster. In light of the territorial and industrial approach to address social and environmental problems of the proposed theoretical postulates, which can form the basis of the theory of sustainable development of regional retail chains, practical implementation at the regional level which will allow the formation of retail chains in accordance with the principles of sustainable development. On the example of the retail industry it was proposed to use regional-sectoral approach in addressing environmental problems. The theoretical postulates of the theory of sustainable development of regional retail chains in the environmental component parts were created. This study will contribute to the understanding that retail should not only step on the path of economy of non-renewable natural resources, but also encourage manufacturers to change the principles of nature management. It can also significantly affect the consumption by the population in regions and determine the image of its life, identifying public trends and adjusting to the environment that would not conflict with the principles of sustainable development, help local governments in developing and implementing programs to address issues such as unsustainable lifestyles, inefficient production and consumption patterns, which currently impede the realization of the principles of sustainable development of the regions.
Keywords: socio-economic and ecological theory, sustainable development, regional retail chains
Tabl.: 1. Bibl.: 25.

Korsak Viktor I. – Candidate of Sciences (Medicine), Chairman of the Board of Directors, Volwest Group Co. (1 Karbysheva Str., Lutsk, Volynska obl., 43023, Ukraine)
Email: victor.korsak@gmail.com

Reference to this article:
Korsak, Viktor I. (2014) “Formation of Regional Retail Networks, Socio-economic and Environmental Aspects.” The Problems of Economy 2:180–186.

List of references in article

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Section: Regional economy
UDC 332.02:504.03
Samojlik M. S.
Optimization Principles of Resource and Environmental Security Strategy in a Region (p. 187 - 196)
The problem of resource and environmental safety, more efficient use of natural and economic potential of the area is a priority issue for each region of Ukraine. Therefore, the paper develops and scientifically substantiates optimization principles of resource and environmental security strategy in Ukrainian regions, oriented at more efficient use of natural and economic potential of the area, resource saving and substitution that include: identification of danger as well as areas of resource and environmental security, allowing to choose a primary strategy for providing resource and environmental security in the region; measures to provide sufficient resource and environmental security in the region based on the optimization of economic models and integrated assessment of alternative scenarios; adjustment of decisions. Theoretical and methodological grounds of the study are the results of fundamental and applied research in the field of economic theory and regional studies, environmental economics, domestic and foreign scholars’ research on management of regional resource potential. In this regard the implementation of the planned strategies and measures will allow to: improve supply of resources and competitiveness of the region, to obtain additional income from secondary resources; preserve primary resources and improve their quality; exploit contaminated land for agricultural needs of the region; reduce the risk to public health from the negative impacts of waste; optimize the social and psychological climate in the region; to ensure the preservation and restoration of the environment of the region, natural ecosystems.
Keywords: resource and environmental security, optimization, region, secondary resources
Fig.: 2. Tabl.: 2. Formulae: 12. Bibl.: 13.

Samojlik Marina S. – Candidate of Sciences (Economics), Associate Professor, Associate Professor, Department of Ecology, Poltava National Technical Yuri Kondratyuk University (24 Pershotravnevyi Ave., Poltava, 36011, Ukraine)
Email: marina-samojlik@yandex.ru

Reference to this article:
Samojlik, Marina S. (2014) “Optimization Principles of Resource and Environmental Security Strategy in a Region.” The Problems of Economy 2:187–196.

List of references in article

Natsionalna ekolohichna polityka Ukrainy: otsinka i stratehiia rozvytku [National Environmental Policy of Ukraine: assessment and strategy development]. Kyiv: Heneza, 2007.
Burkinskiy, B. V., Stepanov, V. N., and Kharichkov, S. K. Ekonomiko-ekologicheskie osnovy regionalnogo prirodopolzovaniia i razvitiia [Economic and environmental pillars of regional nature and development]. Odessa: IPREEI NAN Ukrainy, 2005.
Voloshyn, V. V., and Trehobchuk, V. M. “Kontseptualni zasady staloho rozvytku rehioniv Ukrainy“ [Conceptual foundations of sustainable development in Ukraine]. Rehionalna ekonomika, no. 1 (2002): 8-12.
Danylyshyn, B. M., Stepanenko, A. V., and Ralchuk, O. M. Bezpeka rehioniv Ukrainy i stratehiia ii harantuvannia [Security Strategy of Ukraine\'s regions and its guarantee]. Kyiv: Naukova dumka, 2008.
Dolishnii, M. I. Rehionalna polityka ta mekhanizmy ii realizatsii [Regional policy and implementation mechanisms]. Kyiv: Naukova dumka, 2003.
Dorohuntsov, C. I., Khvesyk, M. A., and Horbach, L. M. Ekoseredovyshche i suchasnist [Ekoseredovysche and modernity]. Kyiv: Kondor, 2007.
Onyshchenko, V. O., and Komelina, O. V. “Suchasni problemy kompleksnoho rozvytku rehioniv Ukrainy“ [Recent developments in the integrated development of regions of Ukraine]. Ekonomika i rehion, no. 1 (20) (2009): 3-8.
Chepurnykh, N. V., and Novoseliv, A. L. Investitsionnoe proektirovanie v regionalnom prirodopolzovanii [Investment planning in regional environmental management]. Moscow: Nauka, 1997.
Rudko, H. I. Tekhnohenno-ekolohichna bezpeka heolohichnoho seredovyshcha [Technogenic and ecological safety of the geological environment]. Lviv: LNU im. Ivana Franka, 2001.
Onyshchenko, C. V., and Samoilik, M. S. Ekoloho-ekonomichna otsinka zabrudnennia navkolyshnyoho seredovyshcha v systemi ekolohichno bezpechnoho rozvytku rehioniv Ukrainy [Ecological and economic evaluation of pollution in the system environmentally sound development in Ukraine]. Poltava: PoltNTU, 2012.
Onyshchenko, V. O., and Samoilik, M. S. Teoretyko-metodolohichni zasady upravlinnia sferoiu povodzhennia z tverdymy vidkhodamy na rehionalnomu rivni [Theoretical and methodological basis of the management area of solid waste management at the regional level]. Poltava: Simon, 2013.
Samoilik, M. S., Chudan, K. A., and Shulika, A. O. “Otsinka bioenerhetychnoho potentsialu Poltavskoi oblasti“ [Evaluation of bioenergy potential Poltava region]. Visnyk PDAA, no. 1 (2011): 36-42.
Onyshchenko, V. O., Holik, Yu. S., and Illiash, O. E. Rehionalna prohrama okhorony dovkillia, ratsionalnoho vykorystannia pryrodnykh resursiv ta zabezpechennia ekolohichnoi bezpeky z urakhuvanniam rehionalnykh priorytetiv Poltavskoi oblasti [Regional program for environmental protection, natural resource management and environmental safety, taking into account regional priorities Poltava region]. Poltava: Poltavskyi literator, 2012.

Section: Economics and Enterprise Management
UDC 331.108-055.1/3:658.382(477.43)
Stadnyk V. V., Hryzovska L. O.
Heterogeneity Factor of Personnel in Growth of the Intellectual Capital of Innovation-active Enterprises (p. 197 - 204)
The structure of the personnel of innovation active engineering enterprises was analyzed on various groups of heterogeneity. Predominance of workers with higher education was found with significant age differentiation and practical experience. It was noted that this causes substantial differences in their motivational preferences, worsening organizational interaction in the process of innovation. Based on the content analysis of the structural elements of intellectual capital through the stages of the life cycle of innovation active enterprises, their impact on the dynamics of the innovation potential was assessed and the author's definition of innovation active enterprises was formulated. Cause and effect kind of dependency between the development of each of the company's intellectual capital element (human, structural and attitudinal) and the ability of enterprises to maintain their innovative activity and a positive economic dynamics were shown. The necessity to introduce activities to improve organizational relationships into the program for staff development was grounded, that will minimize the negative impact of heterogeneity and increase the positive synergy teamwork. It was emphasized that these measures should be preventive in nature to avoid stagnation or decline stage of the enterprise.
Keywords: Innovative enterprises, heterogeneity personnel structure of intellectual capital, the life cycle of the enterprise
Tabl.: 2. Bibl.: 17.

Stadnyk Valentyna V. – Doctor of Sciences (Economics), Professor, Professor, Department of Management, Khmelnitsky National University (11 Instytutska Str., Khmelnytsky, 29016, Ukraine)
Email: stadnyk_v_v@ukr.net
Hryzovska Lilia O. – Postgraduate Student, Khmelnitsky National University (11 Instytutska Str., Khmelnytsky, 29016, Ukraine)
Email: lilihka791@ukr.net

Reference to this article:
Stadnyk, Valentyna V., and Hryzovska, Lilia O. (2014) “Heterogeneity Factor of Personnel in Growth of the Intellectual Capital of Innovation-active Enterprises.” The Problems of Economy 2:197–204.

List of references in article

Anisimova, O. N. “Upravlenie razvitiem intellektualnogo potentsiala v protsesse adaptatsii promyshlennykh predpriiatiy k mirovomu rynku“ [Managing the development of intellectual potential in the process of adapting industry to the global market]. Problemy ekonomiki, no. 1 (2012): 59-64.
Danylenko, O. A. “Urakhuvannia stadii «zhyttievoho tsyklu» rozvytku orhanizatsii v systemi upravlinnia personalom“ [Taking into account the stage of \"life cycle\" of the organization in the management of staff]. Aktualni problemy ekonomiky, no. 5 (2012): 118-123.
Zharinova, A. H. “Rozvytok intelektualnykh zdibnostei personalu iak osnova stratehichnoi oriientatsii na posylennia konkurentnykh perevah pidpryiemstva“ [The development of intellectual abilities of staff as a basis for strategic orientation to enhance competitive advantage]. Aktualni problemy ekonomiky, no. 5 (2012): 38-46.
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Section: Economics and Enterprise Management
UDC 65.041.1:338.48
Markina I. А., Makhovka V. М.
Anticrisis Management of Tourism Organizations and Enterprises as a Way of Building their Competitive Advantages (p. 205 - 210)
The purpose of the article is to study anticrisis management of tourist organizations and enterprises as a means of forming their competitive advantages on different levels of management. As a result of analysis and generalization of studies conducted by domestic and foreign scholars, the main features of the development of tourism were determined (based on the experience of the Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Poland, Turkey, etc.), main directions of improving the competitiveness of tourism activities were systematized and crisis management measures for tourism enterprises and organizations were proposed. The study analyzed the current status and problems of tourism in Ukraine. The expediency of application of anticrisis management on domestic tourism enterprises and organizations was justified. Anticrisis measures for tourism development were proposed. Namely: of strategic, economic and financial, organizational, innovation, investment, marketing and human resource kind at the enterprise, region and state level. That will solve the existing problems and improve the competitive advantages of tourism organizations and businesses. The main prospects for further research in this direction is to determine the strategic directions of development of tourism activities, specification of the main directions of cooperation and interaction between the public authorities at the regional level, higher education, tourism organizations and enterprises that will ensure the competitiveness of the tourist product in the international and domestic markets, and rational distribution and use of tourism resources.
Keywords: tourism, the tourism industry, measures of anticrisis management, tourism product
Fig.: 4. Tabl.: 2. Bibl.: 9.

Markina Iryna А. – Doctor of Sciences (Economics), Professor, Head of the Department, Department of Management and Administration, Poltava National Technical Yuri Kondratyuk University (24 Pershotravnevyi Ave., Poltava, 36011, Ukraine)
Email: iriska7@ukr.net
Makhovka Viktoriia М. – Candidate of Sciences (Economics), Senior Lecturer, Department of Management and Administration, Poltava National Technical Yuri Kondratyuk University (24 Pershotravnevyi Ave., Poltava, 36011, Ukraine)
Email: mahovkavika@mail.ru

Reference to this article:
Markina, Iryna А., and Makhovka, Viktoriia М. (2014) “Anticrisis Management of Tourism Organizations and Enterprises as a Way of Building their Competitive Advantages.” The Problems of Economy 2:205–210.

List of references in article

“Annual Report 2012“ World Tourism Organization. http://www2.unwto.org/publication/unwto-annual-report-2012
“Opening up trade in services: key for tourism growth“ http://www.wttc.org/eng/TourismResearch/Tourism_Economic_Research/CountryReports/Ukraine_/
“The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2013“ World Economic Forum. http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_TT_Competitiveness_Report_2013.pdf
Butko, Ye., and Hanev, A. “Bolhariia proponuie vse“ [Bulgaria offers everything]. Mizhnarodnyi turyzm, no. 2 (2003): 48-50.
Vasylenko, V. O. Antykryzove upravlinnia pidpryiemstvom [Crisis management]. Kyiv: Tsentr navchalnoi literatury, 2005.
Vikhliaieva, Ya. Yu “Suchasnyi stan ta perspektyvy rozvytku turystychnoi infrastruktury Chekhii“ [Current state and prospects of development of the tourism infrastructure of the Czech Republic]. Turystychnyi biznes: svitovi tendentsii ta natsionalni priorytety. Kharkiv: KhNU im. Karazina, 2010.27-30.
Hliebova, A. O. “Innovatsiini tekhnolohii u turystychnii haluzi“ [Innovative technologies in the tourism industry]. http://tourlib.net/statti_ukr/glebova2.htm
Ofitsiinyi sait turystychnoho portalu «Turprom». http://www.tourprom.ru
Pavliv, V. “Polsha ne tolko dlia poliakov“ [Poland not only for Poles]. Zerkalo nedeli, no. 7 (535) (2005): 23-.

Section: Economics and Enterprise Management
UDC 336.16
Boyko M. M., Grishnova O. A.
Management of Formation of Individual and Corporate Social Capital in the Service Sector (p. 211 - 218)
Aim of the paper is to present the results of the study manifestations and patterns of relationship of corporate and individual social capital in the service sector and the practical implementation of the mechanisms of formation of individual and corporate social capital in the traditional management functions. To identify the various manifestations of social capital and assess their organization, a sociological survey was conducted, which covers 118 employees of the firm "NADIA" (Ivano-Frankivsk). To define a set of management actions that are able to "run" the existing capacity of the social capital of the organization and enable productive properties of individual social capital was used the method of "brainstorming." To check on the influence of practice enhancing social capital on economic results of the organization was held large-scale project "Patriot firm." As a result, a system incorporating specific mechanisms for the formation of social capital in the traditional management functions. The implementation of this system in practice during the project "Patriot Company" gave a significant increase in economic performance of hotels and restaurants. Motivator enhancing individual social capital was the prospect of its conversion into other forms of capital, and this has prompted staff to build their own human, intellectual and social capital. The phenomenon of corporate social capital within the organization manifested in the form of cohesion and unity of the collective as a whole and solutions around specific projects. In the external environment, it appears as reputation of the organization, its recognition and commitment to customers.
Keywords: individual social capital, corporate social capital, management, mechanisms of social capital
Tabl.: 2. Bibl.: 9.

Boyko Margaryta M. – Postgraduate Student, Precarpathian National University named after V. Stefanyk (57 Shevchenka Str., Ivano-Frankіvsk, 76018, Ukraine)
Email: Margo_happy@yahoo.com
Grishnova Olena A. – Doctor of Sciences (Economics), Professor, Professor, Department of Enterprise Economics, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (60 Volodymyrska Str., Kyiv, 01033, Ukraine)
Email: grishnova@ukr.net

Reference to this article:
Boyko, Margaryta M., and Grishnova, Olena A. (2014) “Management of Formation of Individual and Corporate Social Capital in the Service Sector.” The Problems of Economy 2:211–218.

List of references in article

Koulman, Dzh. “Kapital sotsialnyy i chelovecheskiy“ [Social and human capital]. Obshchestvennye nauki i sovremennost, no. 3 (2001): 121-139.
Patnam, R. Tradytsii hromadianskoi aktyvnosti v suchasnii Italii : tvorennia demokratii [The tradition of civic engagement in modern Italy: the creation of democracy]. Kyiv: Osnovy, 2001.
Fukuiama, F. Doverie: sotsialnye dobrodeteli i put k protsvetaniiu [Trust: The Social Virtues and the prosperity]. Moscow: AST, 2008.
Shikhirev, P. M. “Ot kapitala fizicheskogo k kapitalu sotsialnomu“ [From physical capital to social capital]. www.soob.ru/n/2002/6/a/8
Demkiv, O. “Kontseptsiia hrupovoho sotsialnoho kapitalu i ii adaptatsiia do vitchyznianykh umov“ [The concept of group social capital and its adaptation to local conditions]. Sotsiolohiia: teoriia, metody, marketynh, no. 4 (2005): 104-118.
Dem’ianenko, Yu. V. “Model otsiniuvannia rivnia sotsialnoho kapitalu pidpryiemstv sfery posluh“ [Model evaluation of social capital service industries]. Visnyk Zaporizkoho natsionalnoho universytetu. Ekonomichni nauky, no. 1 (9) (2011): 102-108.
Koba, N. V. “Vplyv sotsialnoho kapitalu na protses komertsializatsii znannia v orhanizatsii“ [The impact of social capital on the process of commercialization of knowledge in the organization]. Biznes Inform, no. 9 (2013): 208-214.
Kuzmin, A. I. “Sotsialnyi kapital v razvivaiushchikhsia organizatsiiakh“ [Social capital in developing organizations]. Ekonomichnyi prostir, no. 16 (2008): 107-113.
Boyko, M. “WOW-effekt! Rol marketinga v zhiznedeiatelnosti restoranov pri gostinitse“ [WOW-effect! The role of marketing in the life of restaurants at the hotel]. Oteler & restorator, no. 2 (2012): 20-24.

Section: Economics and Enterprise Management
UDC 005.573
Iastremska O. M., Sivash Y. M.
Synectics as a Method of Enhancing Creative Thinking of Staff (p. 219 - 223)
The purpose of the article is to study synectics as a method of enhancing creative thinking staff, revealing features of this method. Found that in the process synectics advisable to use three general types of actions: the "game" with words and definitions, the "game" with the denial of any key laws, standards, scientific concepts and the "game" metaphor. A core tool synectics – analogy and its variants: direct, personal, symbolic and fantastic. Synectics offered exemplary steps and is determined mainly by the irrational nature of this method, the lack of logic, and the need to abandon the triad "rationality - seriousness - solidity." Requirements were formed: broad outlook, leadership and organizational skills, knowledge of psychology. Requirements and also formed the participants of a synectic team. The characteristics (type of intelligence, emotion, age), their ratio, which members of such a group should have, contributing to maximizing its creativity. When building a synectic team it is most useful to classify the "innovators" according to the seven types of intelligence: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal. Synectic team should first be enabled by the expert in a particular field of knowledge, which conducted the study. He, depending on the situation, can play the role of "encyclopedia" or "criticism" and should act as a "translator". Reasonable and needed the usage of the process of creating synectics innovation, finding solutions through the manifestation of this method synergies that provided versatility of its participants.
Keywords: creativity, creativity, synectics analogy, synectic team synergy
Tabl.: 1. Bibl.: 11.

Iastremska Olena M. – Doctor of Sciences (Economics), Professor, Head of the Department, Department of Management, Logistics and Innovations, Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics (9a Nauky Ave., Kharkіv, 61166, Ukraine)
Email: Iastremska_om@hneu.net
Sivash Yulia M. – Masters Student, Department of Economics, organization and planning of enterprises, Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics (9a Nauky Ave., Kharkіv, 61166, Ukraine)
Email: yulia.sivash@gmail.com

Reference to this article:
Iastremska, Olena M., and Sivash, Yulia M. (2014) “Synectics as a Method of Enhancing Creative Thinking of Staff.” The Problems of Economy 2:219–223.

List of references in article

Gordon, W. J. J. Sinectics: The Develepment of Creative CapacityNew York, 1961.
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Yastremska, O. M., and Bardadym, O. I. Motyvatsiia kreatyvnosti novatoriv [Motivating creativity innovators]. Kharkiv: KhNEU, 2013.
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Shevchuk, M. O. “Synektyka iak metod aktyvizatsii tvorchoho myslennia studentiv“ [Synektyka as a method of activating the creative minds]. Naukovi zapysky NDU im. M. Hoholia. Psykholoho-pedahohichni nauky, no. 1 (2012): 111-114.
Prishchepenko, V. V. “Novatory i novatsii“ [Innovators and innovations]. EKO. Ekonomika i organizatsiia promyshlennogo proizvodstva, no. 1 (2007): 186-191.
Nikulina, T. G. “Sinektika kak innovatsionnyy metod obucheniia“ [Synectics as an innovative teaching method]. In Traditsii i novatorstvo v razvitii lingvisticheskoy i metodicheskoy mysli, 175-179. Samara: PGSGA, 2010.
Kudriavtsev, A. “Marketologi v poiskakh novogo. Metody podderzhki protsessa novykh idey. Sinektika“ [Marketers are looking for a new. Methods of support for new ideas. Synectics]. Prakticheskiy marketing, no. 7 (29) (1999): 1-5.
Nazarova, H. V., Havkalova, N. L., and Markova, N. S. Formuvannia ta rozvytok liudskoho kapitalu korporatyvnykh pidpryiemstv [Formation and development of the human capital of undertakings]. Kharkiv: KhNEU, 2006.
Bardadym, O. I. “Spadkovi ta seredovyshchni determinanty motyvatsii kreatyvnosti personalu“ [Hereditary and environmental determinants of motivation of staff creativity]. Aktualni problemy ekonomiky, no. 2 (92) (2009): 123-128.
Dolhopol, O. O. “Orhanizatorski uminnia u modeli suchasnoho spetsialista z menedzhmentu“ [Organizational skills in the model of modern management specialist]. http://www.uipa.kharkov.ua/sbornik/sbornik21.html

Section: Economics and Enterprise Management
UDC 657.1
Biryuk E. G., Smolska O. Y.
Documentation of Production and Yield of Horticulture (p. 224 - 229)
The aim of the paper is to study the characteristics of the primary accounting in horticultural enterprises as it provides timely, accurate and comprehensive information for the analysis of the enterprise in general and influences effective management decision making. The paper analyzes the current state of the primary accounting of costs and yields of horticulture, it also identifies all weak points, offers ways for its improvement and substantiates the necessity to improve the documentation of qualitative indicators of horticulture products. The author suggests that agricultural enterprises that produce horticulture products should use in their practice Horticulture receipt journal (for specialized farm businesses) and the Act for marking of horticulture products in fruit storage warehouses, which has been improved and clarified.
Keywords: costs, production, organic products, GMO, primary documents, horticulture products, marking, fruit storage warehouses
Fig.: 3. Bibl.: 11.

Biryuk Elena G. – Candidate of Sciences (Economics), Associate Professor, Associate Professor, Department of accounting, analysis and audit in the AIC, Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman (54/1 Beresteiskyi Ave., Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine)
Email: biruk_kneu@mail.ru
Smolska Olena Yu. – Postgraduate Student, Department of accounting, analysis and audit in the AIC, Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman (54/1 Beresteiskyi Ave., Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine)
Email: olena.smolska@yandex.ua

Reference to this article:
Biryuk, Elena G., and Smolska, Olena Yu. (2014) “Documentation of Production and Yield of Horticulture.” The Problems of Economy 2:224–229.

List of references in article

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Section: Economics and Enterprise Management
UDC 330.341.1
Boyarynova K. O.
Innovative Development of Engineering Enterprises Based on Noomanagement (p. 230 - 235)
Based on the general conclusion and processing of scientific achievements the role of noomanagement was defined in the formation and development of nooeconomics. As a result of research and explication of organizational and economic foundations, the content of application of noomanagement to innovative development of engineering enterprises was outlined. The main formation dominants of noomanagement for innovative development of mechanical engineering was proposed and justified: transcendence of micro-management with the integration of meso-and macro-processes; change in the vector of investment support from investment and innovation model to innovation and investment; focus on management of innovation sustainable self-development. The development of methodological basis and methodological tools for the implementation of noomanagement into management technology of innovation development was defined as a promising direction for further research.
Keywords: innovation, innovative development, enterprise engineering, noomanagement
Fig.: 1. Bibl.: 14.

Boyarynova Kateryna O. – Candidate of Sciences (Economics), Associate Professor, National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute» (37 Beresteiskyi Ave., Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine)
Email: boyarinovaea @ukr.net

Reference to this article:
Boyarynova, Kateryna O. (2014) “Innovative Development of Engineering Enterprises Based on Noomanagement.” The Problems of Economy 2:230–235.

List of references in article

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Section: Economics and Enterprise Management
UDC 33.01:658-043.86
Vasiutkina N. V.
The Theoretical Aspects of the Understanding of the Category (p. 236 - 242)
The aim of the article is the systematization and analysis of major theoretical concepts of "enterprise development" category, the definition of various relationships with the aim of grouping according to certain criteria and formulation of the author's position of understanding of this category. The article examines the theoretical foundations of the concepts of "development", "development of the enterprise." Systematization of viewpoints allowed researchers to justify various relationships in their positions and highlight four approaches, defining the essence of understanding and a set of basic components, which are the key in the formation of a particular campaign for the development of the enterprise. It was suggested to consider the progressive development, which is based on the quantitative growth of the company. In the adaptation development the focus is on increasing the flexibility to change the passage through the various stages and crises. Transformational development occurs by changing the qualitative status through the accumulation and use of capacity, where the dominant advocate changes in structural and functional characteristics under the influence of internal and external environment. Sustainable development includes finding the balance and stability of the enterprise resilience by maintaining their high potential in the future. The systematization allowed the author to form her own vision of the category of "enterprise development".
Keywords: enterprise development, approaches, progressive, adaptive, transformational, sustainable development
Fig.: 1. Tabl.: 1. Bibl.: 42.

Vasiutkina Natalia V. – Candidate of Sciences (Economics), Associate Professor, Candidate on Doctor Degree, Department of Finance, Accounting and Auditing, National Aviation University (1 Lubomyra Husara Ave., Kyiv, 03058, Ukraine)
Email: vasyutkina@ukr.net

Reference to this article:
Vasiutkina, Natalia V. (2014) “The Theoretical Aspects of the Understanding of the Category.” The Problems of Economy 2:236–242.

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Korshunova, E. D. “Kontseptualnye osnovy adaptivnogo organizatsionnogo razvitiia promyshlennogo predpriiatiia“ [Conceptual bases of adaptive organizational development of industrial enterprise]. Izvestiia vuzov. Mashinostroenie, no. 1 (2003): 63-73.
Nekrasova, E. V. “Formirovanie effektivnoy sistemy ustoychivogo razvitiia predpriiatiia“ [Formation of an effective system of sustainable development of the enterprise]. avtoref. dis. … kand. ekon. nauk : 08.00. 05., 2004.
Hrosul, V. A., and Mamaieva, H. S. “Teoretychni pidkhody shchodo vyznachennia stiikoho rozvytku pidpryiemstva“ [Theoretical approaches to the definition of sustainable development of enterprises]. Stalyi rozvytok ekonomiky, no. 7 (2012): 104-107.
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Bogolepov, V. P. “O sostoianii i zadachakh razvitiia obshchey teorii organizatsii“ [On the status and problems of the development of the general theory of organization]. In Organizatsiia upravleniia, 46-60, 1968.
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Bolshoy ekonomicheskiy slovar [Big Dictionary of Economics]. Moscow: Institut novoy ekonomiki, 2002.
Medvedev, V. A. “Globalizatsiia ekonomiki: tendentsii i protivorechiia“ [Globalization of the economy: trends and controversies]. Mirovaia ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniia, no. 2 (2004): 3-10.
Tsibulskiy, V. R., and Liubanenko, A. V. “Razrabotka metodiki strategicheskogo analiza resursno-orientirovannykh gorodov“ [Development of methodology for strategic analysis of resource-oriented cities]. In Territorialnoe strategicheskoe planirovanie na novom vitke reform, 110-111. St. Petersburg: Mezhdunar. tsentr sots.-ekon. issled. «Leontevskiy tsentr», 2005.

Section: Economics and Enterprise Management
UDC 339.37
Kavun O. A.
Diversification of Business Networks Activity in Trade: its Essence, Forms, Motives and Risks (p. 243 - 248)
The paper examines and analyzes the essence of the concept of “diversification” in the various sources of information and concludes that the vast majority of definitions is dedicated to diversification of manufacturing enterprises. Basing on this fact the author introduced the definition of diversification of business networks activity in trade. The paper investigates the meaning of the resource concept as a modern methodological basis for the study of corporate diversification theory. The article classifies diversification of business networks activity in trade according to a number of features and determines the main directions for diversification of business networks activity in trade that are manifested in modern conditions. We explore the motives making the management of corporate trade structures decide on diversification of activity, as well as emphasize that effective management transforms motives to benefits from the operation of a diversified business structure. The paper determines that the diversification of business networks activity in trade is a complex and multifaceted process, with inherent risks. Under these conditions, effective management of diversification of business networks activity in trade becomes more and more important, during which special attention should be paid to the management’s common vision of the integrity of the future structure operation, goal setting and developing appropriate objectives as well as optimal combination of components and ensuring their coherence.
Keywords: diversification of activity, business network in trade, related diversification, unrelated diversification, diversification motives, diversification risks, synergistic effect
Bibl.: 14.

Kavun Olga A. – Candidate of Sciences (Economics), Associate Professor, Associate Professor, Department of commercial business, Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics (19 Kіoto Str., Kyiv, 02156, Ukraine)
Email: for_olga2012@mail.ru

Reference to this article:
Kavun, Olga A. (2014) “Diversification of Business Networks Activity in Trade: its Essence, Forms, Motives and Risks.” The Problems of Economy 2:243–248.

List of references in article

Bukhvalov, A. V., and Katkalo, V. S. “Sovremennye traktovki strategiy diversifikatsii“ [Modern interpretations of diversification strategies]. Rossiyskiy zhurnal menedzhmenta vol. 6, no. 1 (2008): 57-64.
Voytekhovich, E. N., and Baskov, I. S. “Diversifikatsiia s pozitsii resursnoy teorii, transaktsionnogo i portfelnogo podkhodov“ [Diversification position resource theory, transactional and portfolio approaches]. http://www.amursu.ru/attachments/article/9526/N59_27.pdf
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Dolzhanskyi, I. Z., and Loziuk, V. M. “Dyversyfikatsiia tovarnoi propozytsii torhovoho pidpryiemstva“ [Diversification of product offering commercial enterprise]. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/bitstream/123456789/9678/1/23.pdf
Drubetskaia, A. Ya. “Effektivnost strategii diversifikatsii v predprinimatelskoy deiatelnosti“ [Effectiveness of the strategy of diversification in business]. avtoref. dis. … kand. ekon. nauk : 08.00.05, 2004.
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Melitonian, O. A. “Formirovanie strategii diversifikatsii v korporatsiiakh“ [Formation of the diversification strategy in corporations]. avtoref. dis. … kand. ekon. nauk : 08.00.05, 2005.
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Skorobohatov, M. M., and Kutserubov, O. I. “Dyversyfikatsiia iak odyn iz shliakhiv pidvyshchennia efektyvnosti diialnosti pidpryiemstv u suchasnykh umovakh“ [Diversification as a way to improve the performance of companies in today\'s environment]. Ekonomichnyi visnyk Donbasu, no. 3 (25) (2011): 18-21.
“Sovremennyy ekonomicheskiy slovar onlayn“ [Modern Dictionary of Economics Online]. http://economic-enc.net/word/diversifikacija-1046.html
Chudaev, A. V. “Metodicheskie podkhody proektirovaniia korporativnykh struktur v usloviiakh diversifikatsii“ [Methodological approaches for designing enterprise structures in terms of diversification]. avtoref. dis. ... kand. ekon. nauk : 08.00.05, 2003.

Section: Economics and Enterprise Management
UDC 657
Ovsiuk N. V.
Organizational and Economic Bases for the Establishing of Internal Control over Labor Costs (p. 249 - 254)
The article describes the organizational and economic bases for the establishment of internal control over labor costs under market conditions. The author analyzes the status and trends of the effectiveness of internal control forming these costs. Given the critical analysis of the existing views on the consistency of the theoretical and methodological aspects of internal control, the existing level of methodical maintenance of internal control of labor costs was assessed. The study of internal control of labor costs was realized with regard to the existing legal provisions. The study improved methodological support of internal control over labor costs through technological separation on preliminary, current and subsequent control at all stages of implementation that is able to prevent duplication of subjects of internal control and ensure consistent implementation of checks.
Keywords: internal control over labor costs, methodological support, analysis, control steps
Fig.: 3. Tabl.: 1. Bibl.: 8.

Ovsiuk Nina V. – Candidate of Sciences (Pedagogics), Associate Professor, Department of Accounting, Vinnitsa Institute of Trade and Economy of Kyiv National University of Trade and Economy (87 Soborna Str., Vinnytsia, 21050, Ukraine)
Email: nina.ovsyuk@mail.ru

Reference to this article:
Ovsiuk, Nina V. (2014) “Organizational and Economic Bases for the Establishing of Internal Control over Labor Costs.” The Problems of Economy 2:249–254.

List of references in article

Bukhhalterskyi oblik, analiz ta audyt: problemy teorii, metodolohii, orhanizatsii [Accounting, Analysis and Auditing: problems of theory, methodology and organization]. Kyiv: Ruta, 2013.
Bukhhalterskyi oblik, kontrol i analiz: problemy teorii ta metodolohii [Accounting, control and analysis: problems of theory and methodology]. Kyiv, 2013.
Mnykh, Ye. V., Bardash, S. V., and Shevchuk, O. A. Kontrol u systemi innovatsiinoho menedzhmentu pidpryiemstva [The control system of innovation management]. Kyiv: KNTEU, 2011.
Korinko, M. D. “Udoskonalennia orhanizatsii ta funktsionuvannia systemy vnutrishnyoho ekonomichnoho kontroliu pry dyversyfikatsii sub’iektiv hospodariuvannia“ [Improving the organization and functioning of the internal controls in the diversification of economic entities]. Statystyka Ukrainy, no. 1 (2008): 34-40.
Maksimova, V. F. “Efekt udoskonalennia obliku ta kontroliu dlia pozytyvnoi dynamiky rozvytku i ekonomichnoi stabilnosti pidpryiemstva“ [The effect of improving accounting and control for the positive dynamics of development and economic stability of the company]. Bukhhalterskyi oblik i audyt, no. 9 (2013): 23-27.
Problemy teorii ta metodolohii bukhhalterskoho obliku, kontroliu i analizu, no. 3 (24) (2012).
Rol i mistse bukhhalterskoho obliku, kontroliu i analizu v rozvytku ekonomichnoi nauky i praktyky. Kyiv: KNEU, 2012.
Finansy, oblik i audyt, no. 20/1 (2013).

Section: Economics and Enterprise Management
UDC 339.13.179
Petrychenko P. A.
Factors Influencing the Relationship Marketing and Corporate Image of Tourism Enterprises (p. 255 - 261)
The aim of the article is to study the impact of relationship marketing on corporate image and service quality in tourism enterprises and explore the relationship between corporate image and quality of service. The article proved that one of the important problems of relationship marketing is to create intra-organizational responsibility for the process of interaction with customers. The system of factors DART was analyzed, including four blocks for constructing interactions between tourism enterprises and customers (dialogue, access to information, transparency and understanding of the risks). The article shows the transformation of the relationship between tourism enterprises and consumers from the concept of "enterprise thinks" to the concept of "consumers think." The difference between the measurement of quality of goods and quality of services was justified. Statements that characterize the elements of relationship marketing, corporate image and service quality of tourism enterprises were suggested. The prospect of further research in this direction is to determine the extent of consumers’ involvement to the creation of common value of the services. Further development of relationship marketing can logically lead to the formation of an effective management system to the customer experience.
Keywords: relationship marketing, corporate image, tourism enterprises, managing the customer experience, service quality
Tabl.: 2. Bibl.: 25.

Petrychenko Pavlo A. – Candidate of Sciences (Economics), Associate Professor, Associate Professor, Department of Economics and Tourism Management, Odesa National Economic University (8 Preobrazhenska Str., Odesa, 65082, Ukraine)
Email: s.yaromich@mail.ru

Reference to this article:
Petrychenko, Pavlo A. (2014) “Factors Influencing the Relationship Marketing and Corporate Image of Tourism Enterprises.” The Problems of Economy 2:255–261.

List of references in article

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Kim, W. G., and Cha, Y. “Antecedents and consequences of relationship quality in hotel industry“Hospitality Management, no. 21 (2002): 321-338.
Kitchen, P. J., and Laurence, A. “Corporate reputation: An eight-country analysis“Corporate reputation Review vol. 6, no. 2 (2003): 103-117.
Mason, M. C., and Nassivera, F. “A conceptualization of the relationships between quality, satisfaction, behavior intention, and awareness of a festival“Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, no. 22 (2) (2013): 162-182.
Morgan, R. M., and Hunt, S. D. “The commitment–trust theory of relationship marketing“Journal of Marketing, no. 58 (1994): 20-38.
Narteh, B. “Relationship marketing and customer loyalty: Evidence from the Ghanaian luxury hotel industry“Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, no. 22 (4) (2013): 407-436.
Prahalad, C. K., and Ramaswamy, V. “Build New Strategic Capital for Co-Creation“Strategy + Business (2005).
Prahalad, C. K., and Ramaswamy, V. The future of competition. Co-creating unique: Value with Customers Harvard Business Press, 2004.
Ramaswamy, V., and Chopra, N. “Building a Culture of Co-Creation: at Mahindra“Strategy and Leadership.
Reichheld, F. The loyalty effect: The hidden force behind growth profits and lasting value: Harvard Business School Press.
Schmitt, Bernd H. Customer experience management. A revolutionary approach to connecting with your customers, 2003.

Section: Economics and Enterprise Management
UDC 519.237.7:005.336(477)
Salun M. М.
Deterministic Factor Analysis of the Resource Potential of the Enterprise (p. 262 - 267)
The aim of the article is the construction of economic and mathematical model, which allows to investigate the factors influencing the value of the resource potential of the enterprise. Factor analysis provides a preliminary assessment of the resource potential of the enterprise. Methodological approaches to the assessment of the resource potential of the enterprise different depth, direction of research, degree of generalization of the resulting indicators. Due to deficiencies identified in methodologies for assessing the resource potential of the company a hypothesis about the possibility of using the valuation of the resource potential of the enterprise during the deterministic factor analysis was suggested and multiplicatively additive deterministic factor model of resource potential was formed, which defines the relationship of the factors forming the resource potential of the company, directly relates the resource potential of the enterprise with a profit from the sale and the amount of working capital justifies linear nature of their relationship, the analysis of influence factors on the score-argument parameter. As a result, the deterministic factor analysis revealed rapprochement of logistical costs, labor and financial components of the resource potential (the informational component remains at the level of 3% of the value of the material and technical component) and positively influencing factors – marketing, human resources, information (factors negatively affecting the resource potential of the company, were profitability growth components of the resource potential of the enterprise).
Keywords: enterprise resource potential, components of the resource potential deterministic factor analysis, economic and mathematical model
Tabl.: 3. Formulae: 2. Bibl.: 13.

Salun Marina М. – Doctor of Sciences (Economics), Associate Professor, Associate Professor, Department of Management, Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics (9a Nauky Ave., Kharkіv, 61166, Ukraine)
Email: Maryna.Salun@hneu.net

Reference to this article:
Salun, Marina М. (2014) “Deterministic Factor Analysis of the Resource Potential of the Enterprise.” The Problems of Economy 2:262–267.

List of references in article

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Vasylkivskyi, D. M. “Formuvannia stratehichnykh rishen shchodo upravlinnia protsesom pidvyshchennia ekonomichnoho potentsialu pidpryiemstva“ [Forming strategic decisions on managing the increasing economic potential of the enterprise]. Aktualni problemy ekonomiky, no. 4 (130) (2012): 162-167.
Romanenko, O. V. “Strategicheskiy analiz ispolzovaniia resursnogo potentsiala integrirovannykh predpriiatiy“ [Strategic analysis of the resource potential of integrated enterprises]. Ekonomika razvitiia, no. 2 (66) (2013): 104-109.
Kolke, G. I. “Pokazateli otsenki resursnogo potentsiala v mashinostroenii“ [Indicators for assessing the resource potential in engineering]. Ekonomika i upravlenie v mashinostroenii, no. 6 (2011): 10-13.
Alkhazov, Sh. T. “Metodicheskie podkhody k otsenke resursnogo potentsiala predpriiatiia i otrasley regiona“ [Methodological approaches to the assessment of the resource potential businesses and industries in the region]. http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=16339990
Buzko, I. R., and Piatkova, N. P. “Formirovanie prioritetnykh napravleniy razvitiia resursnogo potentsiala predpriiatiia“ [Formation of the priorities of the resource potential of the enterprise]. http://www.nbuv.gov.ua/portal/Soc_Gum/Mtip/2008_14/buzko.pdf
Bersutskiy, A. Ya. Upravlenie resursnym potentsialom predpriiatiia: modeli i metody [Manage enterprise resource potential: models and methods]. Donetsk: Yugo-Vostok, 2010.
Shuai, D., Shuai, Q., and Dong, Y. “Particle model to optimize resource allocation and task assignment“Information Systems vol. 32, no. 7 (2007): 987-995.
Buzko, I. R., Dmytrenko, I. IE., and Sushchenko, O. A. Stratehichnyi potentsial i formuvannia priorytetiv u rozvytku pidpryiemstv [The strategic potential and shaping the priorities in the development of enterprises]. Alchevsk: DHMI, 2002.
Luk’ianenko, D. H. Stratehii ekonomichnoho rozvytku v umovakh hlobalizatsii [Economic development strategies in a globalizing world]. Kyiv: KNEU, 2001.
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Section: Economics and Enterprise Management
UDC 004.65:004.451:681.518
Sendzyuk M. A., Naumenko I. V.
Models of Balanced Metric Systems and Their Support Technologies (p. 268 - 273)
The aim of the paper is to analyze and research enterprise management systems and their support technologies. Basing on these results it is necessary to investigate whether it is possible and feasible to implement the BSC model in enterprises. The results of our analysis show that there is a need for creating and implementing the BSC model in state enterprises that repair and construct railcars. The model should comply with the company’s requirements and its characteristics. The study of GSP computer tech support has shown that there are many choices of software offered by Western, Russian and Ukrainian companies, but the systems are implemented only in large companies, such as oil and gas, telecommunications sector, banking sector as well as transport monopolist companies. Primarily, it is determined by the fact that most managers are not aware of the existence of such software. Not having been implemented in state railway companies yet, BSC is recommended for implementation in the company for railcars repair and construction companies, whose competitiveness will thus increase.
Keywords: Balanced Scorecard (BSC), computer information systems (CIS), an automated enterprise control system (ACS), database (DB), customer relationship management (CRM), Data Mining (discovery-driven data mining)
Fig.: 1. Bibl.: 10.

Sendzyuk Miron A. – Candidate of Sciences (Economics), Professor, Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman (54/1 Beresteiskyi Ave., Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine)
Email: sendzuk@bk.ru
Naumenko Irina V. – Assistant, Department of Information Systems in the economy, Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman (54/1 Beresteiskyi Ave., Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine)
Email: umkaira@ukr.net

Reference to this article:
Sendzyuk, Miron A., and Naumenko, Irina V. (2014) “Models of Balanced Metric Systems and Their Support Technologies.” The Problems of Economy 2:268–273.

List of references in article

Kaplan, R. S., and Norton, D. P. Sbalansirovannaia sistema pokazateley. Ot strategii k deystviiu [Balanced Scorecard. From strategy to action]. Moscow: Olimp-Biznes, 2003.
Ivlev, V., and Popova, T. “Balanced ScoreCard – alternativnye modeli“ [Balanced ScoreCard - alternative models]. http://mdhr.ru/articles/html/article32721.html
Riazanov, I. E. “Obzor sovremennykh sbalansirovannykh sistem otsenki effektivnosti predprinimatelskoy deiatelnosti“ [Balanced overview of contemporary performance measurement systems business]. http://www.ncstu.ru
Samusenko, S. A. “Pokazateli effektivnosti kompanii: voprosy sistematizatsii i evoliutsii“ [Company performance indicators: issues of ordering and evolution]. http://www.lan.krasu.ru/science/public/eps/5.asp
Redchenko, K. I. “Pokazatelnoe nesoglasie: Balanced Scorecard Tableau de bord“ [Demonstrative disagreement: Balanced Scorecard Tableau de bord]. http://www.cfin.ru
Khenshl, Sh. “Balanced Scorecard kak instrument strategicheskogo menedzhmenta kachestva po sredstvom DIN EN ISO 9001:2001“ [Balanced Scorecard as a tool for strategic quality management tool DIN EN ISO 9001:2001]. Tekhnologii kachestva zhizni vol. 2, no. 2 (2002): 33-40.
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“Vykorystannia CRM ta ERP system“ [Using CRM and ERP systems]. http://pidruchniki.ws/18421120/marketing/vikoristannya_crm-tehnologiy_marketingovomu_strategichnomu_planuvanni

Section: Economics and Enterprise Management
UDC 33
Tkachenko S. A.
Autochthonous Characteristic of the Connection Within Subsystem of Economic and Analytical Information Processing in the Functional Development of Special-purpose Control Systems of Industrial Enterprises and Scientific-production Associations of Modern P (p. 274 - 284)
Taking into account the complexity of the subsystem of economic and analytical model of information processing in business management systems, the purpose of the article is to show its information links for the first time, explore: internal communication management subsystem that form it as a whole; external to the subsystem information exchange. By analyzing the works of scientists and practical experience, it was determined that the information interrelations within economic and analytical information processing subsystem, in contrast to other subsystems of enterprise management, are insufficiently examined. The approach to ensure that all of the internal and external relations of economic and analytical information processing control systems, integrated in the scheme is an information model of the subsystem was grounded. Information model is adequate to the analysis processes in enterprises; it is characterized by the simplicity of performance and stable functioning given the adjustments of incoming and outgoing data, correcting errors and provides for the development of the subsystem. Considering the complexity of linking of economic and analytical information processing enterprise management system with control systems of the upper and lower levels, and lack of development issues that goes beyond the creation of the subsystem and should precede the design analysis, this problem deserves a special study. Although the points relating to the creation of economic and analytical information processing enterprise management subsystem were tested in practice and are not doubted, the proposed concept should be seen as evolving. The studies – this is the first approach to an actual, complex problem of enterprise management. Many questions have only been identified and should be the subject of research.
Keywords: Economic and analytical information processing subsystem, system, the characteristic relationships
Fig.: 2. Tabl.: 3. Bibl.: 11.

Tkachenko Serhii A. – Candidate of Sciences (Economics), Associate Professor, Rector, International Technological University (11a Nіkolska Str., Mykolaiv, 54030, Ukraine)
Email: nukoblikaudit@inbox.ru

Reference to this article:
Tkachenko, Serhii A. (2014) “Autochthonous Characteristic of the Connection Within Subsystem of Economic and Analytical Information Processing in the Functional Development of Special-purpose Control Systems of Industrial Enterprises and Scientific-production Associations of Modern P.” The Problems of Economy 2:274–284.

List of references in article

Arbatov, G. A. Chelovek sistemy [Man system]. Moscow: Vagrius, 2002.
Pushkar, M. S., and Chumachenko, M. H. Idealna systema obliku: kontseptsiia, arkhitektura, informatsiia [An ideal accounting system: concept, architecture, information]. Ternopil: Kart-blansh, 2011.
Khrutskiy, V. E., and Gamaiunov, V. V. Vnutrifirmennoe biudzhetirovanie: nastolnaia kniga po postanovke finansovogo planirovaniia [Intra-budgeting: a reference book on the formulation of financial planning]. Moscow: Finansy i statistika, 2008.
Bank, S. V. “Metodologiia finansovogo ucheta, analiza i audita operatsiy s derivativami v period garmonizatsii i adaptatsii k mezhdunarodnym standartam“ [Methodology of financial accounting, analysis and audit of operations with derivatives during the harmonization and adaptation to international standards]. dis. ... doktora ekon. nauk: 08.00.12, 2008.
Metodologiia i organizatsiia bukhgalterskogo ucheta i ekonomicheskogo analiza v usloviiakh rynochnoy ekonomiki [Methodology and organization of accounting and economic analysis in a market economy]. Moscow: Sovremennaia ekonomika i pravo, 2004.
Oliinyk, O. V. Rozvytok ekonomichnoho analizu v umovakh instytutsiinykh zmin [Development of economic analysis in terms of institutional change]. Zhytomyr: ZhDTU, 2008.
Poisk innovatsionnykh elementov razvitiia analiza i bukhgalterskogo ucheta ekonomicheskikh protsessov. Novosibirsk: NGUEU, 2010.
Tsal-Tsalko, Yu. S. Statystychnyi analiz finansovoi zvitnosti: teoriia, praktyka ta interpretatsiia [Statistical analysis of financial reporting: theory, practice and interpretation]. Zhytomyr: ZhDTU, 2004.
Hryhor, N. M. Metodychni rekomendatsii z formuvannia sobivartosti produktsii (robit, posluh) u promyslovosti [Guidelines for the formation of the cost of goods (works, services) in the industry]. Kyiv: DP «DIKTED» Ministerstva promyslovoi polityky Ukrainy, 2007.
Hryhor, N. M. Metodychni rekomendatsii otsinky vplyvu zmin ekonomichnykh faktoriv na rezultatni pokaznyky prybutku, rentabelnosti vyrobnytstva i realizatsii produktsii (robit, posluh) [Guidelines assessing the impact of changes in economic factors on a results performance gains, profitability and sales of products (works, services)]. Kyiv: DP «DIKTED» Ministerstva promyslovoi polityky Ukrainy, 2007.
Hryhor, N. M. Metodychni rekomendatsii otsinky vplyvu zmin ekonomichnykh faktoriv na sobivartist vyrobnytstva produktsii (robit, posluh) u promyslovosti ta na efektyvnist roboty pidpryiemstv [Guidelines assessing the impact of changes in economic factors on the cost of production (works, services) industry and the performance of enterprises]. Kyiv: DP «DIKTED» Ministerstva promyslovoi polityky Ukrainy, 2008.

Section: Economics and Enterprise Management
UDC 005.4:[339:615]
Shabelnyk T. V.
Models of Pharmaceutical Company Retail Management (p. 285 - 289)
In this paper we developed a set of models of retail management of a pharmaceutical company. Implementation of management models’ complex of a pharmaceutical retail chain that allows the system of management to decide on the need to develop alternative marketing strategies or adjusting existing marketing strategies relevant clusters of pharmaceutical products. Based on the evaluation of the effectiveness of the process of retail sales of pharmaceutical products clusters management system decides on the effectiveness of marketing strategies for these clusters and, if necessary, may decide on their adjustment. After the implementation of marketing strategies the additional marginal income, potential of additional marginal revenue, marginal revenue and potential of less than expected marginal income are defined. Based on these characteristics, the economic efficiency of the developed marketing strategies is defined and the decision on the need for adjusting them is made.
Keywords: Cluster of pharmaceutical products, pharmaceutical company, marketing strategy, retail chain management model
Formulae: 18. Bibl.: 8.

Shabelnyk Tetyana V. – Candidate of Sciences (Economics), Associate Professor, Associate Professor, Department of Information Systems and Technology Management, Donetsk National University of Economy and Trade named after M. Tugan-Baranovsky (16 Tramvaina Str., Kryvyi Rih, Dnipropetrovsk region, 50005, Ukraine)
Email: Tanya.shabelnik@yandex.ua

Reference to this article:
Shabelnyk, Tetyana V. (2014) “Models of Pharmaceutical Company Retail Management.” The Problems of Economy 2:285–289.

List of references in article

Balabanova, L. V., and Velychko, A. O. Marketynhove upravlinnia tsilyovym rynkom pidpryiemstv: kontseptsiia, instrumentarii, stratehii [Marketing management target market enterprises: concept, tools, strategies]. Donetsk: DonNUET, 2013.
Blank, I. A. Upravlenie torgovym predpriiatiem [Management of commercial enterprise]. Moscow: Tandem, 2008.
Gilbert, D. Upravlenie roznichnym marketingom [Management of retail marketing]. Moscow: INFRA, 2005.
Kopych, I. M., Sorokivskyi, V. M., and Stefaniak, V. I. Matematychni modeli v menedzhmenti ta marketynhu [Mathematical models in management and marketing]. Lviv: Naukovyi svit, 2011.
Lysenko, Yu. G., Guz, N. G., and Sadekov, A. A. Upravlenie marketingovym potentsialom predpriiatiia [Manage marketing potential of the enterprise]. Donetsk: Yugo-Vostok, 2005.
Olifirov, O. V., and Shershnyova, H. V. Informatsiini resursy i komunikatsii v upravlinni asortymentom torhovelnykh merezh [Information Resources and Communications in managing assortment retailers]. Donetsk: DonNUET, 2012.
Rozdribna torhivlia: rozvytok ta innovatsii [Retail: development and innovation]. Donetsk: DonNUET, 2010.
Shabelnyk, T. V. “Modeli ta metody klasteryzatsii tovarnoho asortymentu aptechnoi merezhi“ [Models and methods for clustering product range pharmacy network]. In Nove v ekonomichnii kibernetytsi, 76-86. Donetsk: Yuho-Vostok, 2012.

Section: Finance and banking
UDC 336.717.8
Kravchuk I. S.
Banks' Activities in the Field of Mezzanine Financing (p. 290 - 295)
Reduction of the financial stability of enterprises has led to narrowing of opportunities for the "classic" financing, which reduced the number of suitable sites for giving loans and investment by banking institutions. The article explains the need to diversify the product line of banks by establishing mezzanine financing, which will allow banks to use additional tools for credit risk management and companies to obtain the necessary resources for the implementation of innovation and investment projects. The purpose of the article is to determine the advantages and disadvantages of mezzanine financing, to analyze the current state of development of this type of financing in international practice and to develop proposals for its implementation at the national capital market. As a result of the analysis of international experience in mezzanine financing development, the author suggests the banks in Ukraine to create a national mezzanine segment of the financial market as a basis for the development of mezzanine loan products (subordinated loans with the right to participate in the profits of the company recipient), the active cooperation with the real economy on the construction of a mezzanine using securities (convertible bonds or debt securities with warrants), investments in these financial instruments and also on the basis of establishing qualified loan funds subsidiaries in mezzanine financing. To ensure the development of mezzanine financing in Ukraine the government support is grounded in the legal aspect of creating the conditions for the implementation of mezzanine instruments and towards the use of state-owned banks or resources to develop a program mezzanine financing to small and medium-sized businesses with the participation of international financial and credit institutions through State Innovation Finance Institution.
Keywords: Mezzanine financing, bank, credit fund, subordinated debt, loan, securities, warrants, small and medium enterprises
Tabl.: 1. Bibl.: 15.

Kravchuk Igor S. – Candidate of Sciences (Economics), Associate Professor, Candidate on Doctor Degree, Department of Banking Management and Accounting, Ternopil National Economic University (11 Lvіvska Str., Ternopil, 46020, Ukraine)
Email: igskrav@gmail.com

Reference to this article:
Kravchuk, Igor S. (2014) “Banks' Activities in the Field of Mezzanine Financing.” The Problems of Economy 2:290–295.

List of references in article

“YeBRR mozhe daty «Halnaftohazu» do 110 milioniv dolariv“ [EBRD may provide \"Galnaftogaz\" for 110 million dollars]. http://www.epravda.com.ua/news/2011/05/6/285064
Mykolyshyn, M. “Mezoninne finansuvannia iak hibrydne dzherelo zaluchennia kapitalu bankom“ [Mezzanine financing is a hybrid as a means of attracting capital]. Visnyk NUVHP, no. 4 (2012): 144-152.
Petrikova, E. “Mezoninnyy kredit kak alternativa proektnogo finansirovaniia investitsionnykh proektov“ [Mezzanine loan as an alternative project financing investment projects]. Finansy i kredit, no. 28 (2013): 39-47.
“Sozdan pervyy v RF fond mezoninnogo finansirovaniia tselevym obemom 250 mln dollarov“ [The first in the Russian fund mezzanine financing target amount of 250 million dollars]. http://www.banki.ru/news/lenta/?id=3026425
“A look at 2011. Credit Agricole Private Equity“ http://www.omnescapital.com/sites/default/files/RACP010_UK._1.pdf
“Alternative Financing Instruments for SMEs and Entrepreneurs: the Case of Mezzanine Finance. Final Report“ http://search.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=CFE/SME(2012)9/FINAL&docLanguage=En
“BDC Annual Report 2013“ http://www.bdc.ca/EN/Documents/annualreport/BDC_AnnualReport_2013.pdf
“Direct private investing credit – GS Mezzanine Partners“ http://www.goldmansachs.com/what-we-do/investing-and-lending/direct-private-investing/credit-folder/gs-mezzanine-partners.html
Kurylek, Z. “Wartosc przedsiebiorstwa w kontekscie finansowania w formie mezzanine“Zeszyty naukowe uniwersytetu szczecinskiego, no. 802 (2014): 201-213.
“Market View. EMEA Mezzanine Lending Market H1“ http://www.cbre.eu
“Mezzanine Finance. Roundtable between bankers and SMEs. Final Report“ European Commission. http://www.pedz.uni-mannheim.de/daten/edz-h/gdb/07/roundtable_securitisation_2007.pdf
“Mezzanine Finance: Closing The Gap Between Debt and Equity“ http://www.altassets.net/pdfs/Mezzanine_FleetCC.pdf
Robinson, A., Fert, I., and Webb, D. “Mezzanine Finance: Overview“ http://us.practicallaw.com.
Silbernagel, C., Vaitkunas, D., and Giddy, I. “Mezzanine Finance“ http://www.salvador-montoro.com/uploads/3/2/0/7/3207272/mezzanine_finance_2.pdf
Vasillescu, L. “Mezzanine debt: benefits or drawbacks for firm’s financing?“Revista Tinerilor Economisti (The Young Economists Journal), no. 1 (12) (2009): 14-21.

Section: Finance and banking
UDC 336.71
Melnychenko O. V.
Accounting Concept of Electronic Money in Banks (p. 296 - 301)
The article provides a solution to the problem of counting electronic money in the banks, which is due to the need to establish a proper monitoring system, data sources for the implementation of the economic analysis of electronic money in banks. The concept of counting electronic money is also intended to help users identify the strengths and weaknesses of the financial side of the bank, to assess its liquidity and solvency. In this paper we reviewed some of the provisions of the International Financial Reporting Standards, which reveal the essence of operations with electronic money, and provided the complex financial model of operations with electronic money in banks.
Keywords: electronic money, accounting, international standards, the accounting model
Tabl.: 2. Bibl.: 9.

Melnychenko Oleksandr V. – Candidate of Sciences (Economics), Associate Professor, Candidate on Doctor Degree, Zhytomyr State Technological University (103 Chudnivska Str., Zhytomyr, 10005, Ukraine)
Email: amelnitschenko@yahoo.de

Reference to this article:
Melnychenko, Oleksandr V. (2014) “Accounting Concept of Electronic Money in Banks.” The Problems of Economy 2:296–301.

List of references in article

Arbuzov, S. H., Kolobov, Yu. V., and Mishchenko, V. I. Bankivska entsyklopediia [Banking Encyclopedia]. Kyiv: Tsentr naukovykh doslidzhen NBU; Znannia, 2011.
“Dyrektyva 2009/110/IES IEvropeiskoho Parlamentu ta Rady shchodo zapochatkuvannia ta zdiisnennia diialnosti ustanovamy – emitentamy elektronnykh hroshei ta prudentsiinyi nahliad za nymy, shcho vnosyt zminy do Dyrektyvy 2005/60/ES ta 2006/48/ES ta skasovuie Dyrektyvu 2000/46/ES“ [2009/110/YES Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the taking-up and pursuit of the business establishments - electronic money and prudential supervision, amending Directive 2005/60/EC and 2006/48/EC and repealing Directive 2000/46/EC]. http://www.bank.gov.ua/doccatalog/document?id=72391
“Zabezpechennia, umovni zobov’iazannia ta umovni aktyvy. Mizhnarodnyi standart bukhhalterskoho obliku 37“ [Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets. International Accounting Standard 37]. http://www.minfin.gov.ua/file/link/394632/file/IAS%2037%20%20(ed_2013)ua.pdf
“Zvit pro rukh hroshovykh koshtiv. Mizhnarodnyi standart bukhhalterskoho obliku 7“ [Statement of Cash Flows. International Accounting Standard 7]. http://www.minfin.gov.ua/file/link/394611/file/IAS%2007%20(ed_2013)ua.pdf
[Legal Act of Ukraine] (1999). http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0893-99
“Kontseptualna osnova finansovoi zvitnosti“ [Financial reporting framework]. http://www.minfin.gov.ua/file/link/332198/file/buh.pdf
Melnychenko, O. “Audyt elektronnykh hroshei v bankakh Ukrainy“ [Audit of electronic money in banks of Ukraine]. Visnyk NBU, no. 3 (2013): 41-45.
Melnychenko, O. V. “Teoretychni zasady elektronnykh hroshei“ [The theoretical basis of electronic money]. Biznes Inform, no. 8 (2013): 284-290.
[Legal Act of Ukraine] (2013). http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z1242-1

Section: Finance and banking
UDC 336.71:338.984
Kyrkach S. M.
Financial Plan as a Tool for Financial Planning of the Bank Activities (p. 302 - 308)
The purpose of the article is to study the process of formation of a financial plan as a tool for financial planning of the bank activities. Analyzing, systematizing and generalizing scientific works of many scientists and economists the essence of the financial plan of the bank, its structure and features of the formation (composition) were considered. The study focuses on eight main stages of the formation of the bank's financial plan, including: the selection of the study; payment scorecard evaluation of the current financial condition of the bank by groups of coefficients (financial stability, business activity, liquidity and management effectiveness (profitability)); identification of relevant indicators of evaluation of the current financial condition of the bank in the context of the proposed groups; Estimation of financial planning activities of the bank; determine the competitive strategy of the bank; formation (definition) of purposes; process of making the financial plan of the bank; definition and justification of possible ways to achieve the targets set by the bank's activities. It is proved that the proposed sequence of steps can reliably and objectively assess the economic environment of the bank, to identify the advantages and disadvantages of its activities, to establish such targets of the bank, the achievement of which is potentially possible.
Keywords: bank financial plan, financial planning activities of the bank, financial planning tool, planned balance, the level of financial planning, the process of forming a financial plan
Fig.: 4. Tabl.: 1. Bibl.: 12.

Kyrkach Svitlana M. – Lecturer, Department of Banking, Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics (9a Nauky Ave., Kharkіv, 61166, Ukraine)
Email: Svetlyana07@mail.ru

Reference to this article:
Kyrkach, Svitlana M. (2014) “Financial Plan as a Tool for Financial Planning of the Bank Activities.” The Problems of Economy 2:302–308.

List of references in article

Kozmenko, S. M., Shpyh, F. I., and Voloshko, I. V. Stratehichnyi menedzhment banku [Strategic management of the bank]. Sumy: Universytetska knyha, 2003.
Matviienko, P. V. “Planuvannia diialnosti banku - kliuchovyi instrument upravlinnia“ [Planning for the bank - a key management tool]. Statystyka Ukrainy, no. 2 (2007): 78-86.
Ofitsiinyi sait PAT KB «PRYVATBANK». http://privatbank.ua
Ofitsiinyi sait PAT «MEHABANK». http://www.megabank.net/ru
Vasiurenko, O. V., Azarenkova, H. M., and Pohorelenko, N. P. Finansove planuvannia ta prohnozuvannia diialnosti bankiv [Financial planning and forecasting activities of banks]. Kyiv: UBS NBU, 2009.
Ofitsiinyi sait Natsionalnoho banku Ukrainy. http://www.bank.gov.ua
Statiukha, H. O. Vstup do planuvannia optymalnoho eksperymentu [Introduction to the optimal planning of the experiment]. Kyiv: NTUU«KPI», 2011.
Nad, N. M. “Zastosuvannia bahatofaktornoho rehresiinoho analizu u modeliuvanni ekonomichnykh protsesiv“ [The use of multivariate regression analysis in modeling of economic processes]. Naukovyi visnyk Uzhhorodskoho universytetu. Ekonomika, no. 30 (2010): 63-66.
Dolia, V. T. Ekonometriia [Econometrics]. Kharkiv: KhNAMH, 2010.
Matematychni modeli ta informatsiini tekhnolohii v suchasnii ekonomitsi [Mathematical models and information technology in the modern economy]. Sumy: UABS NBU, 2007.
Lysak, B. R. “Modeliuvannia biznes-protsesiv v upravlinni finansovymy resursamy banku“ [Modeling business processes in the financial management of the bank]. http://www.rusnauka.com/6_PNI_2013/Economics/1_129632.doc.htm
Krukhmal, E. V. “Finansovoe planirovanie v kommercheskom banke v postkrizisnykh usloviiakh“ [Financial planning in a commercial bank in the post-crisis environment]. http://dspace.uabs.edu.ua/jspui/bitstream/123456789/6384/1/BiznesInform.pdf

Section: Economic theory
UDC 330.837
Ivashyna S. Y., Ivashyna O. F.
Social and Institutional Aspects of Economic Transformation (p. 309 - 314)
The article is written on a topical issue devoted to the problem of economic transformation. The limitations of orthodox economic theory to the study of economic transformation and the need to use a methodology that allows the use of empirical evidence and methods of investigation of all areas of economic and institutional theory were highlighted. Economic transformation is considered as a form of social transformation, covering all spheres of social life is a manifest in the economic and social, economic, cultural, economic and political, economic and spiritual interactions and reflects the social context of the economic system. People were recognized as a subject of economic transformation. They are considered as the subject of economic transformations taking into account the influence of modernist and post-modernist values on the formation of social and cultural features of society. Man's role in the process of economic transformation process of socialization is defined in its broadest sense. The criterion of efficiency of economic transformations was defined as transaction costs. When they reach the critical values the destruction of the institutional system and disturbing the natural course of evolution of the economic system occurs. Technological evolution is recognized as a major factor of economic transformation. Considered non-technological, institutional factors of economic transformation, the differences in the dynamics of changes in technology and social institutions, and social inertia is considered as a defensive reaction to changes in the economic system of the existing social institutions.
Keywords: evolution, economic transformation, institution, the social aspect, transaction costs
Bibl.: 13.

Ivashyna Svitlana Yu. – Candidate of Sciences (Economics), Associate Professor, Associate Professor, Department of Money Circulation and Banking, University of Customs and Finance (2/4 Volodymyra Vernadskoho Str., Dnipro, 49004, Ukraine)
Email: ivashina_aleks@ukr.net
Ivashyna Oleksandr F. – Doctor of Sciences (Economics), Associate Professor, Professor, Department of Management of FEA, Ukranian Academy of Customs (8 Rogalyova Str., Dnіpropetrovsk, 49000, Ukraine)
Email: ivashina_aleks@ukr.net

Reference to this article:
Ivashyna, Svitlana Yu., and Ivashyna, Oleksandr F. (2014) “Social and Institutional Aspects of Economic Transformation.” The Problems of Economy 2:309–314.

List of references in article

Bazylevych, V. D. “Kompleksnyi analiz instytutsiinoi arkhitektoniky i dynamiky ekonomichnykh peretvoren“ [Comprehensive analysis of architectonics and institutional dynamics of economic change]. Ekonomichna teoriia, no. 1 (2008): 109-112.
Haidai, T. V. “Instytutsionalno-evoliutsiinyi pidkhid u doslidzhenni inversiinoho typu systemnoi transformatsii“ [Institutional and evolutionary approach to the study of the inversion type of system transformation]. Nauchnye trudy DonNTU. Seryia ekonomycheskaia, no. 37-1 (2009): 85-89.
Hrazhevska, N. I. “Vidobrazhennia transformatsiinykh protsesiv u systemi katehorii sotsialno-ekonomichnoi dynamiky“ [Showing transformation processes in the categories of social and economic dynamics]. Ekonomichna teoriia, no. 4 (2007): 19-29.
Institutsionalnaia arkhitektonika i dinamika ekonomicheskikh preobrazovaniy [Architectonic and institutional dynamics of economic transformation]. Kharkiv: Fort, 2008.
Nelson, R., and Uinter, S. Evoliutsionnaia teoriia ekonomicheskikh izmeneniy [Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change]. Moscow: Finstatinform, 2000.
Nort, D. Instituty, institutsionalnoe izmenenie i funktsionirovanie ekonomiki [Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance]. Moscow: Fond ekonomicheskoy knigi «Nachala», 1997.
Popov, E., and Lisnykh, V. “Transaktsionnye izderzhki v perekhodnoy ekonomike“ [Transaction costs in the transitional economy]. Mirovaia ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniia, no. 3 (2006): 72-77.
Reshetilo, V. P. “Bifurkatsionnyy kharakter institutsionalnykh izmeneniy sotsialno-ekonomicheskikh sistem perekhodnogo tipa“ [Bifurcation nature of the institutional changes in socio-economic systems in transition]. Ekonomicheskaia teoriia, no. 4 (2007): 49-58.
Tarasevich, V. N. Ekunika: gipotezy i opyty [Ekunika: hypotheses and experiments]. Moscow: TEIS, 2008.
Uiliamson, O. Ekonomicheskie instituty kapitalizma: firmy, rynok, otnoshencheskaia kontraktatsiia [Economic Institutions of Capitalism: Firms, markets, relational contracting]. St. Petersburg: Lenizdat; SEV Press, 1996.
Chukhno, A. A. Ekonomichna teoriia [Economics]. Kyiv: DNNU AFU, 2010.
Shastitko, A. E. Novaia institutsionalnaia ekonomicheskaia teoriia [New Institutional Economics]. Moscow: Ekonomicheskiy fakultet MGU; TEIS, 2002.
Shumpeter, Y. Teoriia ekonomicheskogo razvitiia : Issledovaniia predprinimatelskoy pribyli, kapitala, kredita i tsikla koniunktury [Theory of Economic Development: Studies of business profits, capital, credit, and cycle conditions]. Moscow: Progress, 1992.

Section: Economic theory
UDC 005.591.6
Kostiuk V. K., Solohub O. P., Pishenina T. I., Tsymbaliuk L. H.
Problems and Factors of Improvement of Business Performance (p. 315 - 319)
The article explores the issues of increasing aggregate productivity. Theoretical principles of integrated approach of effective improvement of the performance of industrial production were identified, in particular, the baking industry. The nature and characteristics of enterprises in order to improve their performance was investigated. A classification of the factors affecting the performance of enterprises and industrial production was generalized. The main ones are the development of scientific and technological progress, improvement of technological processes and organization of production. The notion of aggregate productivity was generalized . In assessing the aggregate performance based on multivariate analysis also focused on the isolation of two groups of factors: dependent and independent from business entities. Methodical approaches to the evaluation of aggregate productivity and their implementation in the performance of management were considered, the main directions of its effective increase in food industries, particularly baking were substantiated. Based on the state-level programs the main directions of improving performance at the regional, sectoral and enterprise levels were grounded.
Keywords: aggregate performance, integral performance index, the Delphic principle, multifactor model, the principle of nominal groups, manufacturing, technical progress, the production system
Bibl.: 8.

Kostiuk Volodymyr K. – Candidate of Sciences (Economics), Professor, Department of Management, Open International University of Human Development «Ukraine» (23 Lvivska Str., Kyiv, 04071, Ukraine)
Email: pishenina@ukr.net
Solohub Olena P. – Doctor of Sciences (Economics), Professor, National University of Food Technology (68 Volodymyrska Str., Kyiv, 1601, Ukraine)
Email: pishenina@ukr.net
Pishenina Tetiana I. – Doctor of Sciences (Economics), Professor, Head of the Department, Department of Management, Open International University of Human Development «Ukraine» (23 Lvivska Str., Kyiv, 04071, Ukraine)
Email: pishenina@ukr.net
Tsymbaliuk Liudmyla H. – Candidate of Sciences (Economics), Associate Professor, National University of Food Technology (68 Volodymyrska Str., Kyiv, 1601, Ukraine)
Email: pishenina@ukr.net

Reference to this article:
Kostiuk, Volodymyr K. et al. (2014) “Problems and Factors of Improvement of Business Performance.” The Problems of Economy 2:315–319.

List of references in article

Vasilchenko, A. N. “Sostoianiie i perspektivy razvitiia khlebopekarnoi promyshlennosti v Ukraine“ [Status and prospects of the baking industry in Ukraine]. Kharchova nauka i tekhnolohiia, no. 1 (6) (2009): 5-8.
Yeremenko, V. O. Pidvyshchennia produktyvnosti: teoriia, svitovyi dosvid, shliakh Ukrainy [Increased productivity: theory, international experience, the way Ukraine]. Kramatorsk: Vydavnytstvo tsentru produktyvnosti Ministerstva pratsi ta sotsialnoi polityky Ukrainy, 2000.
Laskavyi, A. O. Menedzhment produktyvnosti [Management performance]. Kyiv: KNEU, 2004.
Prokopenko, I. I. Upravlenie proizvoditelnostiu [Performance management]. Kyiv: Tekhnika, 1990.
Stefaniuk, A. I. Proizvoditelnost truda na pishchevykh predpriiatiiakh [Productivity in food businesses]. Kyiv: Tekhnika, 1985.
“Biznes ideia : Khlebnyy biznes“ [Business Idea: Bread business]. http://www.ubsjournal.com/business/idea/915-hleb
“Aleksandr Vasilchenko: khlebopekarnaia otrasl perezhivaet ne samye luchshie vremena. 2013 g.“ [Alexander Vasil: baking industry is going through tough times. 2013]. http://ukrhlibprom.org.ua
Dziuba, O. M. “Rehionalnyi rynok khlibopekarskoi produktsii, novi ioho formy i vydy“ [Regional market bakery products, its new forms and types]. http://firearticles.com/economi

Section: Economic theory
UDC 330.1
Rohach F. I.
Role and Evaluation of Contemporary Intellectual Work (p. 320 - 325)
In the past more than 200 years of industrial and post-industrial development of the world economy has accumulated considerable scientific knowledge based upon the leading role of the intellectual component of human labor. There remains the problem of quantitative macroeconomic indicators, through which one could express and evaluate the intellectual work and its role in the intellectual potential of the country and the capital. An attempt to solve this problem was the purpose of this article. Analysis of categories related to intellectual work, allowed the group to identify key indicators to achieve the purpose of the article: the intellectual potential and intellectual capital, deterministically related and containing sub-indicators. Comparative analysis of several countries allowed identifying deficiencies of Ukraine in the formation of intellectual capital at quite high rates of intellectual potential. Such quantitative indicators of intellectual capital were substantiated: GDP and innovative ways of a country.
Keywords: intellectual labor, innovative work, intellectual potential, intellectual capital, innovation
Fig.: 6. Bibl.: 19.

Rohach Fedir I. – Candidate of Sciences (Economics), PJSC “State Savings Bank of Ukraine” (Oschadbank) (12g Hospitalna Str., Kyiv, 01001, Ukraine)
Email: f.rogach@mail.ru

Reference to this article:
Rohach, Fedir I. (2014) “Role and Evaluation of Contemporary Intellectual Work.” The Problems of Economy 2:320–325.

List of references in article

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Glazev, S. Yu. Strategiia operezhaiushchego razvitiia Rossii v usloviiakh globalnogo krizisa [Strategy of rapid development of Russia in the global crisis]. Moscow: Ekonomika, 2010.
Mandybura, V. “Ideolohichna i ob’iektyvna skladovi ekonomichnoi «teorii liudskoho kapitalu»“ [Ideological and objective components of the economic \"theory of human capital\"]. Ekonomichna teoriia, no. 1 (2009).
Khaksever, K. Upravlenie i organizatsiia v sfere uslug [Management and organization in the service sector]. St. Petersburg: Piter, 2002.
Gelbreyt, Dzh. Novoe industrialnoe obshchestvo [The New Industrial State]. M.; SPB. : AST; Tranzitkniga; Terra Fantastica, 2004.
Lapko, O. Innovatsiina diialnist v systemi derzhavnoho rehuliuvannia [Innovation activity in the system of state regulation]. Kyiv: IEP NANU, 1999.
Slezinger, G. E. Trud v usloviiakh rynochnoy ekonomiki [Work in a market economy]. Moscow: INFRA-M, 1996.
Inozemtsev, V. L. “K teorii postekonomicheskoy obshchestvennoy formatsii“ [On the theory of post-economic formation of society]. http://financepro.ru/economy/7882-v.-inozemcev.-k-teorii-postjekonomicheskojj.html
Sem’ianchuk, P. M. “Intelektualizatsiia pratsi u stratehii innovatsiinoho rozvytku ekonomiky Ukrainy“ [Intellectual labor strategy of innovative development of economy of Ukraine]. avtoref. dys. ... kand. ekon. nauk: 08.00.01, 2010.
Ivaniuk, I. A. “Vosproizvodstvo intellektualnogo kapitala“ [Reproduction of the intellectual capital]. http://www.creativeconomy.ru
Ekonomichna teoriia: makro- ta mikroekonomika [Economics: macro-and microeconomics]. Kyiv: Alternatyvy, 2005.
Davydova, I. O. “Realizatsiia intelektualnoho kapitalu: sutnist, skladovi, rol systemy zainiatosti v tsyomu protsesi“ [Implementation of intellectual capital: the nature, composition, role of employment in the process]. Biznes Inform, no. 2 (2013): 177-180.
Druker, P. F. Zadachi menedzhmenta v XXI veke [Task management in the XXI century]. Moscow: Viliams, 2004.
Goylo, V. “Novyy etap v razvitii ekonomicheskoy nauki“ [A new stage in the development of economic science]. http://www.ug.ru/old/ug_pril/ol/99/44/eopinion.htm
“Mezhdunarodnye indikatory chelovecheskogo razvitiia“ [International human development indicators]. http://hdr.undp.org/en/data/explorer/
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“Gosstat Ukrainy“ [Gosstat Ukraine]. http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2005/ni/ind_rik/ind_u/2002.html
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Section: Mathematical methods and models in economy
UDC 336.14
Blahun I. S., Kvasnii Z. V.
Modeling of Differentiation of Relations in the Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Sector on the Regional Level (p. 326 - 333)
The aim of the article is to study the differences between the bonds in the small and medium-sized enterprises on the regional level. The paper analyzes the factors affecting the development of the SME sector in the region, focus is on the relationship between the number of active subjects and consumer demand from households. Their contribution to the investment processes and the creation of jobs in the regions was taken into account. The correlations between the number of active entities in the regions and the relevant variables were investigated. The spatio-temporal data in the range of 2007 – 2012 years was considered. It was found that economical and social conditions significantly affect the formation of the number of active SMEs in the regions. At a negative correlation with the number of active SMEs remains the urbanization level of regions, on the positive – the level of the sold production of industry, the number of tourists. The results of spatio-temporal modeling of panel data confirm a significant impact on the number of active SME level of investment in each sector in the regions. The formation of investment is also affected by the dynamics of sales in the regional market and business income.
Keywords: small and medium-sized enterprises sector, the regional level, panel model, spatio-temporal modeling
Fig.: 6. Tabl.: 3. Formulae: 6. Bibl.: 7.

Blahun Ivan S. – Doctor of Sciences (Economics), Professor, Dean, Faculty of Economics, Precarpathian National University named after V. Stefanyk (57 Shevchenka Str., Ivano-Frankіvsk, 76018, Ukraine)
Email: blagun@email.ua
Kvasnii Zenovii V. – Postgraduate Student, Precarpathian National University named after V. Stefanyk (57 Shevchenka Str., Ivano-Frankіvsk, 76018, Ukraine)
Email: zenovii_kvasnii@ukr.net

Reference to this article:
Blahun, Ivan S., and Kvasnii, Zenovii V. (2014) “Modeling of Differentiation of Relations in the Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Sector on the Regional Level.” The Problems of Economy 2:326–333.

List of references in article

Ratnikova, T. A. “Vvedenie v ekonometricheskiy analiz panelnykh dannykh“ [Introduction to econometric analysis of panel data]. Ekonomicheskiy zhurnal (2006): 267-316.
Marno, V. Putevoditel po sovremennoy ekonometrike [Guide to modern econometrics]. Moscow: Nauchnaia kniga, 2008.
Magnus, Ya. R., Katishev, P. K., and Peresetskiy, A. A. Ekonometrika. Nachalnyy kurs [Econometrics. Initial course]. Moscow: Delo, 2004.
www.statistica.ru/glossary/general/test-valda/
Magnus, Ya. R., Katishev, P. K., and Peresetskiy, A. A. Ekonometrika. Nachalnyy kurs [Econometrics. Initial course]. Moscow: Delo, 2007.
Grin, V. H. Ekonometrychnyi analiz [Econometric analysis]. Kyiv: Osnovy, 2005.
Damodaran, A. Investitsionnaia otsenka : Instrumenty i metody otsenki liubykh aktivov [Investment Valuation: Tools and techniques for assessment of any assets]. Moscow: Alpina Biznes Buks, 2006.

Section: Mathematical methods and models in economy
UDC 658.818.2:621
Kuzmin O. Y., Zhezhukha V. Y., Gorodyska N. A.
Tools of Game Theory in Price Setting for Engineering Products (p. 334 - 339)
The paper investigates the conceptual and categorical structure as well as the tools of game theory in the frame of the structure evaluation of engineering payments during the implementation of engineering projects by engineering companies. The process of price setting for engineering products using game theory is considered as a game with two participants involved: an engineering company and the environment of an engineering service customer. The paper examines options for forming “pure” strategies of such participants and specifies the peculiarities of forming probable options for implementation of their “pure” strategies by the environment of an engineering service customer. The author outlines practical instructions for pay-off matrices. The article defines the process of determination of the dependence of the anticipated value of an engineering company’s aggregate income and the level of risk on the structure of engineering payments on condition that any of "mixed" strategies is applied. The paper then goes on to present instructions for setting the parameters of these payments’ optimal structure through maximization of the utility function of an engineering company and for determining the absolute values of payments which comply with such a structure. The author analyzes the causes for adjustment of relative structural particles and absolute values of an engineering company’s initial and periodic payments according to engineering project implementation. The perspectives for further research in this direction should lie in the substantiation of the provision for money cost consideration in time throughout the price setting in engineering activities.
Keywords: income, engineering, engineering company, engineering project, game theory, price setting
Formulae: 17. Bibl.: 8.

Kuzmin Oleh Ye. – Doctor of Sciences (Economics), Professor, Director, Scientific-Educational Institute of Economics and Management of the Lviv Polytechnic National University (5 Mytropolyta Andreia Str., Lviv, 79013, Ukraine)
Email: oleh.y.kuzmin@lpnu.ua
Zhezhukha Volodymyr Yo. – Candidate of Sciences (Economics), Associate Professor, Associate Professor, Department of Foreign Economic and Customs Activities, Scientific-Educational Institute of Economics and Management of the Lviv Polytechnic National University (5 Mytropolyta Andreia Str., Lviv, 79013, Ukraine)
Email: volodymyr.y.zhezhukha@lpnu.ua
Gorodyska Nataliia A. – Assistant, Department of foreign trade and customs operations, National University «Lviv Polytechnic» (12 Stepana Bandery Str., Lvіv, 79013, Ukraine)
Email: nataliagoroduska@mail.ru

Reference to this article:
Kuzmin, Oleh Ye., Zhezhukha, Volodymyr Yo., and Gorodyska, Nataliia A. (2014) “Tools of Game Theory in Price Setting for Engineering Products.” The Problems of Economy 2:334–339.

List of references in article

Vynohradova, O. V. Reinzhynirynh biznes-protsesiv u suchasnomu menedzhmenti [Business process reengineering in modern management]. Donetsk: DonDUET, 2005.
Vitlinskyi, V. V. Ekonomichnyi ryzyk: ihrovi modeli [Economic risk: game model]. Kyiv: KNEU, 2002.
Vitlinskyi, V. V. Ryzykolohiia v ekonomitsi ta pidpryiemnytstvi [Ryzykolohiya in economics and business]. Kyiv: KNEU, 2004.
Ismagilov, I. I. “Priniatie resheniy pri kolichestvennykh i kachestvennykh kriteriiakh opisaniia alternativ“ [Decision-making in both quantitative and qualitative criteria describe alternatives]. Issledovaniia po informatike, no. 6 (2003): 21-28.
Korobova, M. V., and Goritsyna, I. A. “Kak ustanavlivaiutsia tseny na konsaltingovie uslugi“ [How are prices for consulting services]. http://www.cfin.ru/consulting/consult_price.shtml
Kondratiev, V., and Lorents, V. Daesh inzhiniring! Metodologiia organizatsii proektnogo biznesa [Give engineering! Methodology for organizing project business]. Moscow: Eksmo, 2007.
Kuzmin, O. IE., Sukhorska, U. R., and Myronchuk, T. V. Franchaizynh u pidpryiemnytskii diialnosti [Franchising in business]. Lviv: Vilna Ukraina, 2007.
Shyian, A. A. Teoriia ihor: osnovy ta zastosuvannia v ekonomitsi ta menedzhmenti [Game Theory: Fundamentals and Applications in economics and management]. Vinnytsia: VNTU, 2009.

Section: Mathematical methods and models in economy
UDC 336:51
Bobyr O. I., Shevchenko N. V.
Evaluation of Cyclic Characteristics of Investment Banking Using the Fractal Analysis (p. 340 - 348)
The aim of the article is to study the characteristics of cyclic investment banking using fractal analysis. Analyzing scientific works of Russian and foreign scientists to assess the characteristics of cyclic investment banks in Ukraine were invited to use the method of R/S-analysis. As a result of studies of capital investment by bank loans in Ukraine within time series (2006 – 2013), it was found that the study of time series has a different memory depth for tempo and quantitative indicators (5 and 9, respectively) identified six quasi-cycles (5 completed and one unfinished) of time series. These results provide a basis for predicting the size of a bounding box values of the future and to identify the trend of the time series of capital investments by bank loans. Prospects for further research in this direction is to predict the dynamics of capital investment by bank loans on the basis of the results obtained, the definition of counter-cyclical regulatory the investment activity of banks in Ukraine in the framework of macro-prudential regulation.
Keywords: fractal analysis, investment, investment banks, phase portraits, quasi-cycles, R/S-analysis of cyclicality
Fig.: 10. Tabl.: 2. Formulae: 5. Bibl.: 10.

Bobyr Olga I. – Candidate of Sciences (Economics), Associate Professor, Department of Finance, Oles Honchar Dnipro National University (72 Haharina Ave., Dnіpro, 49010, Ukraine)
Email: oleandr.a@i.ua
Shevchenko Nataliia V. – Postgraduate Student, Department of Finance, Oles Honchar Dnipro National University (72 Haharina Ave., Dnіpro, 49010, Ukraine)
Email: nshevc@gmail.com

Reference to this article:
Bobyr, Olga I., and Shevchenko, Nataliia V. (2014) “Evaluation of Cyclic Characteristics of Investment Banking Using the Fractal Analysis.” The Problems of Economy 2:340–348.

List of references in article

Burtniak, I. V., and Malytska, H. P. “Doslidzhennia volatylnosti za dopomohoiu modyfikatsii modeli Bleka - Shoulza“ [Study volatility models using modified Black - Scholes]. Biznes Inform, no. 5 (1) (2011): 72-75.
Maksyshko, N. K. “Otsiniuvannia systemnykh kharakterystyk ekonomichnoi dynamiky na bazi rezultativ kompleksnoho fraktalnoho analizu“ [Evaluation of system performance based on the economic dynamics of complex fractal analysis]. Visnyk Zaporizkoho natsionalnoho universytetu. Ekonomichni nauky, no. 10 (2) (2011): 119-130.
Mandelbrot, B. Fraktaly, sluchai i finansy (1959 - 1997) [Fractals, case and Finance (1959 - 1997)]. Izhevsk: R&C Dynamics, 2004.
“Natsionalnyi Bank Ukrainy. Statystychni materialy“ [National Bank of Ukraine. Statistical materials]. http://www.bank.gov.ua/control/uk/publish/category?cat_id=57896
Ovcharenko, N. F., and Dzhasheeva, F. M. “Fazovyy analiz ekonomicheskogo vremennogo riada investitsiy v osnovnoy kapital regiona“ [Phase analysis of economic time series of fixed capital investment in the region]. Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniia, no. 2 (2006): 16-20.
Peters, E. Fraktalnyy analiz finansovykh rynkov : Primenenie teorii Khaosa v investitsiiakh i ekonomike [Fractal analysis of financial markets: Application of the theory of chaos in investments and economics]. Moscow: Internet-treyding, 2004.
Prokopovych, S. V., and Tutova, S. O. “Modeli otsinky diialnosti NPF na osnovi teorii fraktaliv“ [Valuation of a fund based on the theory of fractals]. Problemy ekonomiky, no. 2 (2012): 71-75.
Shelevytskyi, I. V., Kononenko, V. V., and Bondarenko, O. O. “Porivnialnyi analiz zastosuvannia splainiv i GARCH-modelei dlia doslidzhennia pokaznykiv volatylnosti“ [Comparative analysis of the splines and GARCH-models for the study of performance volatility]. Visnyk SNU, no. 2 (156) (2011): 34-40.
“Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, Basel III: The liquidity Coverage Ratio and liquidity risk monitoring tools“ https://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs238.pdf
Qian, B., and Rasheed, K. “Hurst exponent and financial market predictability. In Proceedings of The 2nd IASTED international conference on financial engineering and applications“ http://qianbo.myweb.uga.edu/research/Hurst.pdf

Section: Mathematical methods and models in economy
UDC 336.71
Burtnyak I. V., Malytska H. P.
Research of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Process Using the Spectral Analysis Methods (p. 349 - 356)
The purpose of this paper is to develop methods for calculating the approximate prices for a broad class of securities with the tools of spectral analysis, singular and regular wave theory in the case of exposure to fast and slow-acting factors. Price options depend on stochastic volatility, depending on the route. Finding the price is reduced to the problem of finding own values and own functions of a certain equation. Combining the methods of the spectral theory of singular and regular perturbation working with the infinitesimal generators of the two-dimensional diffusion approximation the price of financial instruments as of own function expansion can be calculated. The study extended method of finding indicative prices for a wide class of derivative assets. One of the main advantages of our pricing methodology is that by combining the methods of the spectral theory of singular and regular perturbation; computing the price of the asset is reduced to solving the equation by finding the own values and own functions of the two solutions of the Poisson equation, reflecting the influence of various factors. Prospects for further research in this direction are the improvement and development of methods of spectral analysis for application in the study of stochastic volatility, depending on many heterogeneous factors taking place in the stock markets.
Keywords: stochastic volatility, local volatility, spectral theory, singular wave theory, the wave theory of regular
Fig.: 1. Formulae: 45. Bibl.: 8.

Burtnyak Ivan V. – Candidate of Sciences (Economics), Associate Professor, Department of Economic Cybernetics, Precarpathian National University named after V. Stefanyk (57 Shevchenka Str., Ivano-Frankіvsk, 76018, Ukraine)
Email: bvanya@meta.ua
Malytska Hanna P. – Candidate of Sciences (Physics and Mathematics), Associate Professor, Department of Mathematical and Functional Analysis, Precarpathian National University named after V. Stefanyk (57 Shevchenka Str., Ivano-Frankіvsk, 76018, Ukraine)

Reference to this article:
Burtnyak, Ivan V., and Malytska, Hanna P. (2014) “Research of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Process Using the Spectral Analysis Methods.” The Problems of Economy 2:349–356.

List of references in article

Burtniak, I. V., and Malytska, H. P. “Obchyslennia tsin optsioniv metodamy spektralnoho analizu“ [Calculate option prices spectral analysis methods]. Biznes Inform, no. 4 (2013): 152-158.
Burtniak, I. V., and Malytska, H. P. “Model shliakhozalezhnoi volatylnosti dlia indeksu PFTS“ [Depending on the route volatility model for the index PFTS]. Biznes Inform, no. 3 (2012): 48-50.
Lorig, M. Pricing Derivatives on Multiscale Diffusions: An Eigenfunction Expansion ApproachPrinceton University; Department of Operations Research & Financial Engineering (ORFE), 2012.
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Linetsky, V. “Lookback options and diffusion hitting times: A spectral expansion approach“Finance and Stochastics, no. 8 (3) (2004): 373-398.
Davydov, D., and Linetsky, V. “Pricing options on scalar diffusions: an eigenfunction expansion approach“Operat. Res. , no. 51 (2003): 185-209.
Dai, Q., and Singleton, K. “Specification Analysis of Affine Term Structure Models“Finance, no. 55 (2000): 1943-1978.
Weidmann, J. Spectral Theory of Ordinary Differential Operators, Lecture Notes in MathematicsBerlin: Springer, 1987.

Section: Mathematical methods and models in economy
UDC 330.34+519.862
Oliskevych M. O.
Empirical Modeling of Long-term Interrelations and Short-term Dynamic Adjustments of Private Consumption in Ukraine (p. 357 - 365)
In view of economic instability in Ukraine, it’s getting more and more relevant to study macroeconomic interrelations that would not only be based on long-term equilibrium trends, but at the same time would also represent the dynamic response of variables to shocks affecting the economic environment. The paper is aimed at an empirical study of long-term interrelations and a short-term adjustment mechanism when making consumer decisions by households in Ukraine. The paper presents a statistical analysis of the dynamic properties of the series of consumption, income and inflation. The paper also defines the stochastic trend and stochastic seasonality, it tests the existence and direction of causality in the interrelations, as well as it substantiates and estimates the cointegrating long-term equilibrium interrelation. Basing on the detected cointegration of the studied series, we developed an econometric dynamic error correction model that includes economic equilibrium relations derived from macroeconomic theory and also allows to model short-term effects of various factors on the rate of consumption change, such as changes in the rate of growth of income, changes in savings rates over the previous year, seasonality and deviations from a long-term equilibrium resulting from unanticipated shocks in the economy. The developed ECM-model is well-suited to predict changes in the levels and dynamics of fluctuations of the actual values of consumption and also has practical application in assessing and predicting the response of consumption, and thus aggregate demand, in making political and economic decisions both in a long-term perspective and in short-term adjustments.
Keywords: private consumption, econometric modeling, cointegration, error correction model, stochastic seasonality
Fig.: 2. Tabl.: 6. Formulae: 6. Bibl.: 11.

Oliskevych Marianna O. – Candidate of Sciences (Physics and Mathematics), Associate Professor, Associate Professor, Department of Mathematical Economics and Econometrics, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv (1 Unіversytetska Str., Lvіv, 79000, Ukraine)
Email: olisk@ukr.net

Reference to this article:
Oliskevych, Marianna O. (2014) “Empirical Modeling of Long-term Interrelations and Short-term Dynamic Adjustments of Private Consumption in Ukraine.” The Problems of Economy 2:357–365.

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Oliskevych, M. O. Ekonometrychne modeliuvannia makroekonomichnykh protsesiv: Sukupne spozhyvannia. Dynamichni modeli z rozpodilenymy lahamy [Econometric modeling of macroeconomic processes: total consumption. Dynamic models with distributed lags]. Lviv: VTs LNU imeni Ivana Franka, 2012.
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Ljungqvist, L., and Sargent, T. J. Recursive Macroeconomic Theory: The MIT Press Cambridge, 2004.
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Luk’ianenko, I. H. “Problemy «khybnoi» rehresii u ekonomichnykh doslidzhenniakh“ [The problem of \"false\" regression in economic research]. Naukovi zapysky NaUKMA vol. 20 (2002): 422-424.
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Section: Economics and Enterprise Management
UDC 005.32:339.17
Zhukovska V. M.
Preventing the Socio-behavioral Risks for Staff in a Trade Enterprise (p. 366 - 372)
The aim of the article is to substantiate the nature and varieties of social and behavioral risks for staff, the study of the prerequisites of their occurrence in the trade, as well as to prevent social and behavioral risks based on cognitive-behavioral approach proposed target model of effective management of the enterprise personnel. The article justified essence of the concept and subspecies of socio-behavioral risks, the sources of their occurrence in the socio-psychological, sociological and economic contexts of the enterprise trade. Based on cognitive-behavioral approach, the system model of behavior management of staff was developed, which displays the presence of unity and a causal link between the human resources processes and motivational nature of the competence and conduct of staff in achieving targeted results of the enterprise. The basic causes and prevention of social and behavioral risks in the enterprise trade were revealed.
Keywords: anomie, trading enterprise, behavior, social and behavioral variety of risks, motives and values employee, efficient management staff
Fig.: 2. Bibl.: 19.

Zhukovska Valentyna M. – Candidate of Sciences (Economics), Associate Professor, Candidate on Doctor Degree, Department of Management, Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics (19 Kіoto Str., Kyiv, 02156, Ukraine)
Email: valentyna2015@ukr.net

Reference to this article:
Zhukovska, Valentyna M. (2014) “Preventing the Socio-behavioral Risks for Staff in a Trade Enterprise.” The Problems of Economy 2:366–372.

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