Genetically Modified Products as an Economic Category: A Closer Definition of the Essence and Place in the Current Agro-Economic System
Tsymbal L. I., Murakhovskyi M. V.

Tsymbal, Liudmyla I., and Murakhovskyi, Mаksym V. (2026) “Genetically Modified Products as an Economic Category: A Closer Definition of the Essence and Place in the Current Agro-Economic System.” The Problems of Economy 2:414–421.
https://doi.org/10.32983/2222-0712-2026-2-414-421

Section: Economics of Natural Resources and Environment

UDC 338.43:631.523

Abstract:
The article examines genetically modified products as an economic category in the context of the transformation of the modern agro-economic system. The relevance of the topic is driven by the growing role of biotechnology in the global agri-food sector, the increasing complexity of the institutional environment, and the emergence of new models of consumer behavior. The aim of the study is to refine the economic essence of genetically modified products and to determine their place within the structure of the modern agro-economic system. An analysis of the basic definitions and key distinctions has been conducted, in particular regarding genetically modified organisms, genetically modified products, and genetically modified crops. The article generalizes and systematizes the main approaches to the interpretation of genetically modified products – biotechnological, production-economic, institutional, and market-behavioral. It is substantiated that genetically modified products are not only the result of using biotechnology but also an independent economic object operating at the intersection of agricultural production, the food industry, and global trade systems. It has been determined that their development significantly affects cost structures, the productivity of the agricultural sector, market competition configuration, and international trade flows. It has been proved that the modern agroeconomic system is becoming increasingly complex in terms of innovation and institutions, with genetically modified products serving as both a driver of technological modernization and a factor in creating new market segments (such as non-GMO and organic). The scientific novelty lies in closer defining the economic nature of genetically modified products and substantiating them as an integrated element of the modern agroeconomic system, combining technological, institutional, and market characteristics.

Keywords: genetically modified products, agro-economic system, biotechnology, innovation, institutional environment, agri-food markets, consumer trends.

Tabl.: 1. Bibl.: 34.

Tsymbal Liudmyla I. – Doctor of Sciences (Economics), Professor, Professor, Department of International Economics, Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman (54/1 Beresteiskyi Ave., Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine)
Email: l.tsimbal@ukr.net
Murakhovskyi Mаksym V. – Postgraduate Student, Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman (54/1 Beresteiskyi Ave., Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine)

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